Summary
Samenvatting sociologie (S0A20B)
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Volledige samenvatting sociologie van schakelstudent seksuologie Gedoceerd door Jan van Bavel
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
friekemestdagh
Content preview
SOCIOLOGIEAcademiejaar ’23 – ‘24
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
H1: HET SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF ......................................................................................... 1
HET SOCIALE EN DE SOCIOLOGIE .............................................................................................................. 1
OVER SOCIALE RELATIES, BINDINGEN EN VERBANDEN .................................................................................... 1
VAN VERALGEMEENDE/GEGENERALISEERDE AFHANKELIJKHEID NAAR WERELD-SAMENLEVING ................................... 2
SOCIOLOGISCHE VERBEELDINGSKRACHT .................................................................................................... 3
SOCIOLOGIE EN SOCIAAL ENGAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 3
GOEDE BEDOELINGEN EN HUN ONBEDOELDE GEVOLGEN ................................................................................ 4
SOCIOLOGIE EN THEORIE ........................................................................................................................ 5
Theoretische referentiekaders in de sociologie .............................................................................. 6
H2: ORDENING EN INVLOED VAN HET SOCIALE ............................................................................. 7
SOCIALE STRUCTUREN EN VERWACHTINGEN ................................................................................................ 7
Socialeordevraag ......................................................................................................................... 7
Sociale structuur ......................................................................................................................... 7
Regelgerichte visie op sociale orde ............................................................................................................ 7
Probabilistische of verwachtingsgerichte visie op sociale orde.................................................................... 7
OBJECTIEVE EN SUBJECTIEVE SOCIALE ONGELIJKHEID ..................................................................................... 8
Objectieve ................................................................................................................................... 8
Subjectieve.................................................................................................................................. 8
Intersectionaliteit ......................................................................................................................... 9
DE HEDENDAAGSE KLASSENMAATSCHAPPIJ ................................................................................................. 9
Sociale laag/stratum .................................................................................................................... 9
Sociale klasse.............................................................................................................................. 9
Klassenschema volgens John Goldthorpe .................................................................................................10
Status/rang//stand/kaste? ...........................................................................................................10
Kastesysteem .............................................................................................................................10
SOCIALE ONGELIJKHEID IN MEERVOUD ...................................................................................................... 11
Etnische stratificatie ...................................................................................................................11
Geslachtsstratificatie ..................................................................................................................11
ZELFDWANG EN SOCIALISATIE ................................................................................................................ 11
Sociale invloeden vraag ...............................................................................................................11
Zelfdwang/zelfbeheersing ...........................................................................................................11
Socialisatie .................................................................................................................................12
Primaire ..................................................................................................................................................12
Secundaire ..............................................................................................................................................12
Tertiare....................................................................................................................................................13
PERSOONLIJKE EN COLLECTIEVE IDENTITEIT ............................................................................................... 13
Persoonlijke identiteit..................................................................................................................13
Collectieve identiteit ...................................................................................................................13
Identificatie ................................................................................................................................14
H3: HET HEDENDAAGSE SAMENLEVEN ......................................................................................... 15
DE GEDIFFERENTIEERDE MAATSCHAPPIJ.................................................................................................... 15
Sociale-tijdsdiagnosevraag..........................................................................................................15
Sociale differentiatie ...................................................................................................................15
Functionele differentiatie .........................................................................................................................15
DE MODERNITEIT VAN DE SOCIOLOGIE ...................................................................................................... 16
Gemeinschaft vs gesellschaft (ferdinand Tönnies) ........................................................................16
, Doelrationalisatie (max weber) ....................................................................................................16
Modernisering.............................................................................................................................17
GLOBALISERING, OF LEVEN IN DE WERELDSAMENLEVING ............................................................................... 17
OVER INDIVIDUALISERING (ULRICH BECK) ................................................................................................. 18
Sociaal-cultureel bekeken ...........................................................................................................18
Individueel bekeken ....................................................................................................................19
≠egoïsme ...................................................................................................................................19
HET GEÏNDIVIDUALISEERDE SAMENLEVEN ................................................................................................. 19
VOORBIJ DE MODERNITEIT? ................................................................................................................... 19
2 fasen .......................................................................................................................................19
Postmoderniteit? ........................................................................................................................20
H4: VOORLOPERS EN GRONDLEGGERS VAN DE SOCIOLOGIE ....................................................... 21
WAAROM BUSINESS AS USUAL? .............................................................................................................. 21
Free rider’s dilemma ...................................................................................................................21
Doemdenken ..............................................................................................................................21
Preventieparadox ........................................................................................................................21
Moderniseringsparadox ...............................................................................................................21
WAAROM NOG STEEDS BUSINESS AS USUAL? .............................................................................................. 21
DE ONTDEKKING VAN HET SOCIALE .......................................................................................................... 21
KARL MARX ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Marx over klassen .......................................................................................................................22
Marx’ materialistische maatschappij............................................................................................22
Marx en de 3 basisvragen ............................................................................................................23
Marx en klimaatkwestie ...............................................................................................................24
EMILE DURKHEIM ................................................................................................................................ 24
Durkheims sociale feiten .............................................................................................................24
Durkheims visie op sociale orde ..................................................................................................25
2 vormen van sociale ordening .................................................................................................................25
MAX WEBER ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Webers begrijpende sociologie ....................................................................................................25
Weber over typen van handelen en sociale orde ...........................................................................26
4 ideaaltypische handelingsmotieven .......................................................................................................26
Weber en sociale orde .............................................................................................................................27
Kapitalisme volgens Weber .........................................................................................................27
OVERZICHT ....................................................................................................................................... 27
H5: SOCIOLOGISCHE VISIES IN MEERVOUD ................................................................................. 28
DE CONFLICTSOCIOLOGISCHE TRADITIE (MARXIAANS EN WEBERIAANS) ............................................................ 28
Conflictsociologie .......................................................................................................................28
Macht (versie Weber) ...............................................................................................................................28
3 vormen van gezag (Weber) .....................................................................................................................28
PIERRE BOURDIEUS’ (1930-2002) KLASSENMODEL .................................................................................... 29
Klassenhabitus en cultuur ...........................................................................................................30
Burgerij/hoge/dominante klasse ...............................................................................................................30
Middenklasse/kleinburgerij ......................................................................................................................30
Arbeidersklasse .......................................................................................................................................30
SOCIALE SYSTEEMTHEORIE (TALCOTT PARSONS) (DURKHEIMIAANS) ................................................................. 31
ROBERT K. MERTONS FUNCTIONALISME (DURKHEIMIAANS) ........................................................................... 31
SYMBOLISCH INTERACTIONISME VOLGENS HERBERT BLUMER (WEBERIAANS) ..................................................... 32
BASISTEGENSTELLINGEN IN DE SOCIOLOGIE ............................................................................................... 33
,H6: CULTUUR ALS IDEEËNGOED EN MIGRATIE .............................................................................. 34
HET MENTALISTISCH CULTUURBEGRIP ...................................................................................................... 34
3 soorten van opvattingen binnen elke collectief gedragen cultuur ................................................34
Overtuigingen ..........................................................................................................................................34
Waarden .................................................................................................................................................34
Normen ...................................................................................................................................................34
Moreel individualisme .................................................................................................................34
GEÏNSTITUTIONALISEERDE CULTUUR ........................................................................................................ 35
(De)-institutionalisering ...............................................................................................................35
Culturele diversiteit .....................................................................................................................36
2 klassieke sociologische mechanismen om, om te gaan met diversiteit ....................................................36
Waardegeneralisatie............................................................................................................................36
Juridisering van overtuigingen, waarden en normen ...............................................................................36
MERTONS HERFORMULERING VAN HET ANOMIEBEGRIP ................................................................................. 37
Mertons anomietypologie ............................................................................................................37
Culturele integratie .....................................................................................................................38
VELE CULTUURDIAGNOSES .................................................................................................................... 38
MIGRATIE .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Acculturatie ................................................................................................................................39
Hegemonie .................................................................................................................................39
Migratie en culturele diversiteit ....................................................................................................40
Vluchteling: definitie in conventie van genève (1951) .................................................................................40
Overtuiging ≠ definitie ..............................................................................................................................40
Attitude vs norm..........................................................................................................................40
Racisme als sociologisch concept ...............................................................................................40
Racisme ideologie ...................................................................................................................................41
H7: DISCRIMINATIE EN RACISME IN DE MODERNE SAMENLEVING ................................................. 42
MICRONIVEAU ................................................................................................................................... 42
Vooroordelen en stereotypes .......................................................................................................42
Verklaringen ...............................................................................................................................42
Sociale ideniteitstheorie (Tajfel en Turner).................................................................................................42
Groepsdreigingstheorie ............................................................................................................................42
Discriminatie ..............................................................................................................................43
Vormen van discriminatie .........................................................................................................................43
MACRONIVEAU ................................................................................................................................... 43
William Edward Burghardt DU bois (1868-1963) ............................................................................43
De sociale constructie van ras .....................................................................................................44
Racisme .....................................................................................................................................44
Post-raciale samenleving .........................................................................................................................44
Alledaags racisme ...................................................................................................................................45
3 componenten ...................................................................................................................................45
Micro-macro link .............................................................................................................................45
Het alledaagse ................................................................................................................................45
Repetitieve acties en interacties ......................................................................................................45
TOEPASSING MESO NIVEAU: RACISME – SEKSISME AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT ............................................................ 46
4 vormen van racisme-seksisme ..................................................................................................46
Rookgordijn van gelijkheid ........................................................................................................................46
Alledaags klonen .....................................................................................................................................46
Patronisatie .............................................................................................................................................46
Paternalisme ...........................................................................................................................................46
,H8: CULTUUR ALS BETEKENISGEVING – GEZINNEN EN DE CORONACRISIS .................................... 47
HET INTERPRETATIEF CULTUURBEGRIP ...................................................................................................... 47
Symbolen ...................................................................................................................................47
TAAL ALS CULTUUR .............................................................................................................................. 47
INTERPRETEREN ALS CLASSIFICEREN ........................................................................................................ 48
CULTURELE INTERPRETATIE- OF DEFINITIESTRIJD .......................................................................................... 49
GEREALISEERDE BETEKENISSEN .............................................................................................................. 49
Judith Butler ...............................................................................................................................49
TEKENWAARDE EN INTERPRETATIE- OF DEFINITIEMACHT ................................................................................ 50
Tekenwaarde van koopwaren ......................................................................................................50
Culturele of symbolische macht ..................................................................................................50
KENNIS IS MACHT ............................................................................................................................... 50
H9: SOCIALISATIE ........................................................................................................................ 51
4 DIMENSIES...................................................................................................................................... 51
H10: SOCIALE ROLLEN EN RELATIES ............................................................................................. 52
DE MENS ALS ROLLENSPELER ................................................................................................................. 52
roltheorie....................................................................................................................................52
Positieveld...............................................................................................................................................52
Positieset ................................................................................................................................................52
Verwachtingen bij een positie ...................................................................................................................52
OVER ROLLENCONFLICTEN .................................................................................................................... 53
Botsende rolverwachtingen .........................................................................................................53
4 mechanismen ..........................................................................................................................54
ROLE TAKING EN MAKING ...................................................................................................................... 54
ERVING GOFFMANS DRAMATURGISCH PERSPECTIEF/THEATHERBENADERING ...................................................... 55
DE VERZELFSTANDIGING VAN PERSOONLIJKE RELATIES ................................................................................. 55
, H1: HET SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF
HET SOCIALE EN DE SOCIOLOGIE
• Sociologisch perspectief
o Enerzijds algemene denktrant die het sociale gedurig uiteenlegt in sociale
relaties en, vooral, (on)geziene afhankelijkheden van vaak onbekende anderen
o Anderzijds reeks vragen die de blik van socioloog voortdurend richten bij het
kijken naar sociale relaties of afhankelijkheden
• 4 basisvragen
o Hoe is een geordend samenleven mogelijk?
o Hoe werkt het samenleven door in individuele levens?
o Hoe zien de basiscontouren van onze samenleving eruit?
o Hoe komen we tot algemene, tevens empirisch onderbouwde sociologische
kennis?
§ Kwantitatief onderzoek = in cijfers uitdrukbare bevindingen die gelden
voor de onderzochte sociale groepering
§ Kwalitatief onderzoek = bestudeert sociale fenomenen in de diepte
• Sociologische driehoek = sociologiebeoefening komt neer op 3-delig gebeuren dat
pendelt tussen theorievorming, empirisch onderzoek en (ondersteunen van) sociale
sturing
OVER SOCIALE RELATIES, BINDINGEN EN VERBANDEN
• Sociaal handelen = handelen van actor is georiënteerd op handelen van 1 of meer
andere actoren
• Actor
o = Stelt handelingen en bezit handelingsvermogen
o 2 soorten
§ Individuele = handelen van individuen
§ Collectieve = handelen in naam van sociaal verband
• Sociale relatie, verhouding of betrekking
o = De sociale handelingen van 2 of meer actoren raken met elkaar verweven
o Uitkomst van samenhandelen van 2 of meer actoren
• Basiseigenschappen van samenhandelen
o Zelfreferentialiteit = ieder nieuw element refereert aan eenzelfde soort element
o Dynamisch, tijdsgebonden proces
§ Sociale handelingen vormen de elementaire bouwstenen van sociale
relatie en komen na elkaar in de tijd
§ Sociale relaties zijn dus niet, maar worden à veranderen gedurig, want
er vinden telkens nieuwe handelingen plaats
o Contingent = in zekere mate (on)voorspelbaar
o Reflexief gemonitord = voortdurend succesvol sturen en controleren door de
actor van zijn eigen activiteit
• Afhankelijkheidsverhouding of sociale binding = actoren hebben elkaar nodig
1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller friekemestdagh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.36. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53340 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now