National Boards Dental Hygiene Exam Questions and
Complete Answers.
Sharpey's fibers - Correct Answer connect periosteum to bone
What fibers of the PDL are the most prominent? - Correct Answer Oblique fibers
Stillman's cleft - Correct Answer v shaped loss of gingiva. Due to bad flossing habits
McCall's festoon - Correct Answer innertube shaped swelling at the marginal gingiva
Drug induced gingival hyperplasia - Correct Answer Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Procardia (Nifedipine)
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)
dihiscence - Correct Answer loss of alveolar bone
oval shaped root exposure apical to CEJ
Fenestration - Correct Answer a window-like opening in the bone covering the root of a tooth
bordered by alveolar bone on the coronal aspect of the tooth.
Bacteria shape present in early plaque formation - Correct Answer cocci shaped, aerobic
Bacteria shape in periodontal disease - Correct Answer baccilli, anaerobic
Bacteria shape present in NUG/NUP - Correct Answer spirochetes
periodontal bacteria in health - Correct Answer aerobic, cocci, gram +
Periodontal bacteria in diease - Correct Answer anaerobic, baccilli, gram -
Names of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease - Correct Answer P. Gingivalis
F. Nucletum
,T. Forsythia
A. Actinomycetescomatins
Bacteria responsible for NUG - Correct Answer P. Gingivalis
T. Dentacolo
P. Intermedian
Fusobactrium
Bacteria responsible for caries - Correct Answer S. Mutans
Lactobacillus
S. Sobrinus
What bacteria is most commonly associated with aggressive periodontitis - Correct Answer
A. Actinomycetescomatins
Is plankton plaque adherent or non adherent? - Correct Answer non adherent
how do endotoxins contribute to tissue destruction? - Correct Answer Stimulate osteoclast
periodontal disease - Correct Answer apical migration of the junctional epithelium
CAL - Correct Answer measures attachment loss
CEJ to base of pocket
What instrument is best to detect a furcation - Correct Answer Nabers Probe
Suprabony pocket - Correct Answer The pocket is located above the level of the bone, NOT
visible on a radiograph.
Infrabony pocket - Correct Answer base of pocket is apical to crest of alveolar bone
Does occlusal trauma cause periodontal disease - Correct Answer No
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis - Correct Answer HSV type 1
,usually affects children younger than 6
Inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva; gingival bleeding
pin point vesicles -> ulcers throughout the mouth and lips w/ sig pain
Malise
low grade fever
sore throat, lymphadenopathy
doesnt want to drink water
Is a patient with down syndrome at a greater risk for caries - Correct Answer No, but they are
at an increased risk for perio
How to treat NUG/NUP - Correct Answer Tetracycline
Can a periodontal abscess be a result of periodontal debridement - Correct Answer yes
First step of hemodynamic changes - Correct Answer 1. Temporary (transient)
vasoconstriction THEN vasodialation takes place
Hyperemia - Correct Answer excess of blood in an area of the body
Margination - Correct Answer Movement of WBC to periphery vessel wall
Pavementing - Correct Answer WBC line walls of blood vessel
Diapedesis - Correct Answer neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin
phagocytosis
Chemotaxis - Correct Answer cells move to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils (PMNs) - Correct Answer Function in phagocytosis, it is the most common cell in
acute inflammation. It is a key WBC in the development and progression of disease
WBC associated with chronic inflammation - Correct Answer Macrophage
, What biochemical mediator allows cells to leave the blood vessels? - Correct Answer
Interleukins
What biochemical mediator is associated with pain and swelling? - Correct Answer
Prostaglandins
P=Pain
What biochemical mediator causes bronchoconstriction? - Correct Answer Leukotrienes
L=Lungs
What are the stages of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer Stage I: Initial lesion (2-4
days)
Stage II: Early lesion (4-7 days)
Stage III: Established Lesion (2-3 weeks)
Stage IV: Advanced lesion (3 weeks- years)
In which stage of a periodontal lesion is there no clinical changes? - Correct Answer Stage I
Gingivitis begins to appear at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer Stage II,
bleeding will occur
What stage of a periodontal lesion is periodontal disease considered to be? - Correct
Answer Stage IV
Gingival edema begins to occur at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer
Stage III
Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer -Pts at greater risk for xerostomia, caries, and
periodontal disease
-candidiasis
-delayed wound healing
Scurvy - Correct Answer Vitamin C deficiency, it is needed for collagen production and
wound healing
What bacteria is associated with pregnancy gingivitis? - Correct Answer Prevotella
intermedia, campylobacter retus
Complete Answers.
Sharpey's fibers - Correct Answer connect periosteum to bone
What fibers of the PDL are the most prominent? - Correct Answer Oblique fibers
Stillman's cleft - Correct Answer v shaped loss of gingiva. Due to bad flossing habits
McCall's festoon - Correct Answer innertube shaped swelling at the marginal gingiva
Drug induced gingival hyperplasia - Correct Answer Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Procardia (Nifedipine)
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)
dihiscence - Correct Answer loss of alveolar bone
oval shaped root exposure apical to CEJ
Fenestration - Correct Answer a window-like opening in the bone covering the root of a tooth
bordered by alveolar bone on the coronal aspect of the tooth.
Bacteria shape present in early plaque formation - Correct Answer cocci shaped, aerobic
Bacteria shape in periodontal disease - Correct Answer baccilli, anaerobic
Bacteria shape present in NUG/NUP - Correct Answer spirochetes
periodontal bacteria in health - Correct Answer aerobic, cocci, gram +
Periodontal bacteria in diease - Correct Answer anaerobic, baccilli, gram -
Names of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease - Correct Answer P. Gingivalis
F. Nucletum
,T. Forsythia
A. Actinomycetescomatins
Bacteria responsible for NUG - Correct Answer P. Gingivalis
T. Dentacolo
P. Intermedian
Fusobactrium
Bacteria responsible for caries - Correct Answer S. Mutans
Lactobacillus
S. Sobrinus
What bacteria is most commonly associated with aggressive periodontitis - Correct Answer
A. Actinomycetescomatins
Is plankton plaque adherent or non adherent? - Correct Answer non adherent
how do endotoxins contribute to tissue destruction? - Correct Answer Stimulate osteoclast
periodontal disease - Correct Answer apical migration of the junctional epithelium
CAL - Correct Answer measures attachment loss
CEJ to base of pocket
What instrument is best to detect a furcation - Correct Answer Nabers Probe
Suprabony pocket - Correct Answer The pocket is located above the level of the bone, NOT
visible on a radiograph.
Infrabony pocket - Correct Answer base of pocket is apical to crest of alveolar bone
Does occlusal trauma cause periodontal disease - Correct Answer No
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis - Correct Answer HSV type 1
,usually affects children younger than 6
Inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva; gingival bleeding
pin point vesicles -> ulcers throughout the mouth and lips w/ sig pain
Malise
low grade fever
sore throat, lymphadenopathy
doesnt want to drink water
Is a patient with down syndrome at a greater risk for caries - Correct Answer No, but they are
at an increased risk for perio
How to treat NUG/NUP - Correct Answer Tetracycline
Can a periodontal abscess be a result of periodontal debridement - Correct Answer yes
First step of hemodynamic changes - Correct Answer 1. Temporary (transient)
vasoconstriction THEN vasodialation takes place
Hyperemia - Correct Answer excess of blood in an area of the body
Margination - Correct Answer Movement of WBC to periphery vessel wall
Pavementing - Correct Answer WBC line walls of blood vessel
Diapedesis - Correct Answer neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin
phagocytosis
Chemotaxis - Correct Answer cells move to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils (PMNs) - Correct Answer Function in phagocytosis, it is the most common cell in
acute inflammation. It is a key WBC in the development and progression of disease
WBC associated with chronic inflammation - Correct Answer Macrophage
, What biochemical mediator allows cells to leave the blood vessels? - Correct Answer
Interleukins
What biochemical mediator is associated with pain and swelling? - Correct Answer
Prostaglandins
P=Pain
What biochemical mediator causes bronchoconstriction? - Correct Answer Leukotrienes
L=Lungs
What are the stages of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer Stage I: Initial lesion (2-4
days)
Stage II: Early lesion (4-7 days)
Stage III: Established Lesion (2-3 weeks)
Stage IV: Advanced lesion (3 weeks- years)
In which stage of a periodontal lesion is there no clinical changes? - Correct Answer Stage I
Gingivitis begins to appear at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer Stage II,
bleeding will occur
What stage of a periodontal lesion is periodontal disease considered to be? - Correct
Answer Stage IV
Gingival edema begins to occur at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - Correct Answer
Stage III
Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer -Pts at greater risk for xerostomia, caries, and
periodontal disease
-candidiasis
-delayed wound healing
Scurvy - Correct Answer Vitamin C deficiency, it is needed for collagen production and
wound healing
What bacteria is associated with pregnancy gingivitis? - Correct Answer Prevotella
intermedia, campylobacter retus
