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HUBS 191 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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HUBS 191 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 100% Solved Name the four basic types of tissue - Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Why do the four types of tissues have different structures and function? - They are made up of different kinds of cells. They have...

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  • October 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

HUBS 191 FINAL EXAM Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


Name the four basic types of tissue - ✔✔Connective tissue, epithelial

tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

Why do the four types of tissues have different structures and function? -

✔✔They are made up of different kinds of cells. They have different things

that make up the extracellular matrix. They have varying amounts of

extracellular matrix.

Types of connective tissue - ✔✔Connective tissue proper

- Loose connective tissue which keeps organs and epithelia in place.

- Dense connective tissue forms ligaments and tendons.

- Adipose tissue (fat) and reticular connective tissue (support lymph organs

like the lymph nodes)



Specialised connective tissue

- Blood, bone and cartilage

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Main role of connective tissue - ✔✔- Transport substances

- Provide support and structure

Features of epithelial tissue - ✔✔- Tightly packed cells

- Little extracellular matrix

- Forms skin and lines internal cavities

- Many glands are made of epithelial tissue

Features of muscle tissue - ✔✔- Cells are stretched or fibre-like

- Main role is contraction

- Allows body and its organs to move

- Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle.

Nervous Tissue - ✔✔- Made up of neurons (conduct messages) and glia

(support and protect nervous system)

- Main role is to transmit electrical signals allowing for communication and

coordination.

Cells only survive if the following conditions are meet - ✔✔- Enough

nutrients

- Correct temprature

- Correct pH

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

- Can only tolerate smal amounts of toxic substance and waste.



This is why maintaining a constant internal environment (homeostasis) is

so important, along with exchange of nutrients and wast across the cell

membrane.

Total body fluid numbers to memorise - ✔✔2/3 of total body fluid is

intracellular fluid (ICF)

1/3 of total body fluid is extracellular fluid (ECF)



4/5 or 80% of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid (between cells).



1/5 or 20% of extracellular fluid is plasma (50% of total blood volume).

What are transcellular fluids? - ✔✔ECF also includes various 'transcellular

fluids' contained within epithelial lined spaces e.g. synovial fluid in joints,

ocular fluid in the eye, cerebrospinal fluid

What does a unicellular organism depend on its immediate environment to

provide? - ✔✔Nutrients

Solute concentration

Temperature

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

pH

Toxins (including own wastes)

Lack of Predators



This limits the environment a unicellular organism is able to survive.

What is 'milieu interieur' - ✔✔Claude Bernard (1813 - 1878) recognised the

importance of the body's internal environment or extracellular fluid. The

constancy of the internal environment is the condition for a free and

independent life.

How did Walter Bradford Cannon (1871-1945) define homeostasis? -

✔✔The maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal

environment (ECF) in the face of external (or internal) change.



1. In our bodies there are mechanisms that act to maintain constancy.

2. Any tendency toward change automatically meets with factors that resist

change.

3. There are co-operating mechanisms which act simultaneously or

successively to maintain homeostasis

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