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HUBS 191 Progress Test 2 Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
central nervous system - ✔✔nervous system consisting of brain and spinal
cord
peripheral nervous system - ✔✔nervous system consisting of peripheral
nerves
glia - ✔✔'glue' provide support for neurons, 5 type, 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
neurons - ✔✔nerve cells, transmission of information
dendrites - ✔✔recieve input, send info into cell body
cell body - ✔✔contains nucleus and organelles
axon - ✔✔carries electrical impulses, may/may not be myelinated
axon terminals - ✔✔end terminus of the axon, neuro transmitter release
tract - ✔✔bundle of axons in the CNS
grey matter - ✔✔group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
white matter - ✔✔bundle of axons in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
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ganglion - ✔✔group of cell bodies in PNS
nerve - ✔✔bundle of axons in PNS
input zone - ✔✔dendrites and cell body, receives chemical signals from
other neurons
summation zone - ✔✔axon hillock, decides to transmit signal or not
conduction zone - ✔✔axon may be quite long, carry electrical signals
between brain areas to and from spinal cord or to and from peripheral
sensory receptors
output zone - ✔✔axon terminals, contact input of other neurons, release of
neuro transmitter
multipolar - ✔✔multiple processes emanate from the cell body, the 'typical'
neuron
bipolar - ✔✔2 processes emanate from the cell body (axon and long bridge
to dendrites
unipolar - ✔✔1 process emanates from cell body (hangs on side of axon)
anaxonic - ✔✔no distinct axon, all processes look alike
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astrocytes - ✔✔supply nutrients to neuron, ensheath blood capillaries,
transmit information, CNS
microglia - ✔✔immune cells of the CNS, engulf micro organisms / debris
ependymal cells - ✔✔line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord, have
cillia to circulate CSF, CNS
oligodentrocytes - ✔✔support nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin,
CNS
schwann cells - ✔✔support peripheral nerve fibres, ensheath them with
myelin, similar to oligodendrocytes, PNS
myelin sheath - ✔✔lipid wrapped around axon, increases conduction
velocity, multiple schwann cells in a row form the myelin sheath, gaps
between myelin called nodes of ranivier
Synapse/Synpatic Cleft - ✔✔neuro transmitter release from one axon
terminals where electrical turns to chemical
afferent - ✔✔information going into the brain
efferent - ✔✔information out of brain
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flow of information - ✔✔info comes through receptors, afferent nerves, into
CNS, integration/coordination, motor efferent (somatic or autonomic)
somatic - ✔✔the stuff we are aware of and have control over
somatic afferent - ✔✔sensory information of what we are aware of
somatic efferent - ✔✔voluntary muscle control, 2 neurons between brain
and effector, upper and lower motor neuron
upper motor neuron - ✔✔cell body in brain, axon in spinal cord
lower motor neuron - ✔✔cell body in spinal cord, axon in spinal nerve
neuro-muscular junction - ✔✔Where neuron releases neurotransmitters
(ACh) that depolarize muscle fiber cells -> contraction
autonomic - ✔✔involuntary control, 3 neurons between brain and effector,
2 divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
autonomic neuron 1 - ✔✔cell body in brain, axon in brain or spinal cord
(CNS)
autonomic neuron 2 - ✔✔cell body in brain or spinal cord, axon in PNS ,
myelinated, neurotransmitter = ACh
