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HUMAN PATH: DERMATOLOGY EXAM STUDY
GUIDE SOLUTIONS
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - Ans:✔✔-organ system that includes har, skin, and nails and protects body
from pathogens & maintains homeostasis;one of the most important functions of this system is to
protect the underlying tissues and organs from the external environment
DERMATOLOGY - Ans:✔✔-the branch of medicine dealing with the study of skin, accessory structures,
and related diseases of the skin (integument)
DERMATOLOGIST - Ans:✔✔-physician who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin,
diagnoses and treats skin diseases;engaged in science of treating the skin, including its structures,
functions, and diseases
SKIN INFECTIONS - Ans:✔✔-pathogenic bacteria or virus entering the body or skin and multiplying to the
point of interfering with the body's normal state:
Bacterial
• Impetigo
• Pyoderma: staphylococcus, streptococcus
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• Folliculitis: pimple
• Furuncle: boil
• Carbuncle: multiple boils
• Cellulitis: streptococcus, staphylococcus, haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcal Scaled Skin Syndrome
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• Nursing Goal: prevent spread of infection and complications through good handwashing, separate
towels, no interference with healing process; always wear PPE (gloves since drainage from any lesions
may be infective)
• Instruct parents about medication administration, application of compresses,
bulla - Ans:✔✔-(pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid; larger than 1 cm diameter;
usually single chambered; superficial in epidermis; thin walled, so it ruptures easily. Examples: Friction
blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis
carbuncle - Ans:✔✔-consists of infection in annterconnected group of hair follicles or several furuncles
joined together in a mass; subcutaneous tissue in the surrounding area is also involved;they are hard,
round, extremely painful swellings that enlarge over several days to a week; they eventually soften and
erupt, discharging pus from several sites; when skin slooughs away, a scarred cavity remains; patient
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often has a fever; skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria; several
communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and
dead tissue; treatment consists of systemic antibiotics, moist heat, amd incision and drainage once
lesion has matured; topical anti-infection agent and loose bandages are also applied to the area; the site
may also require a wick, or sterile gauze packing, to facilitate healing
cellulitus - Ans:✔✔-results when an existing wound is infected and the infection spreads to the
surrounding connective tissue; skin infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue; caused by staph or
strept bacteria; skin becomes hot,red and edematous (edematous=describes a swollen area due to
excess tissue fluid); lymph nodes near area of cellulitis are tender; if not treated, the underlying tissue
may be destroyed or develop an abscess;
a systemic anti-infective such as an antibiotic provides rapid and successful treatment; legs and arms
most common; peripheal vascular disease (PVD) or decreased circulation to extremities)
dermatophytosis - Ans:✔✔-fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing),
caused by group of molds called dermatophytes General characteristics:
1. superficial fungal infection that can affect hair,nails,and skin
2. three most common dermatophytes affecting humans are
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Trichophyton ,Microsporum, and Epidermophyton spp.; Trichophyton rubrumis the most common
dermatophyte in the industrialized world.
3. When describing the area of infection,the word tinea (meaning "fungal infection") is followed by the
affectedpart of the body:tinea pedis (foot),tinea cruris (groin),tinea corporis (trunk,legs,arms,or
neck),tinea barbae(beard area),tinea unguium (nails),tinea manuum (hand),tinea facialis (face),and tinea
capitis (head).
Clinical features
1.
Generally,dermatophytosis presents as an erythematous,annular patch with distinct borders and a
centralclearing.A fine scale usually covers the patch.
2.
Symptoms include itching,stinging,and/or burning.Maceration or peeling fissures are common between
the digits.
3.
The nails present with a thickening discoloration and onychomycosis of the nail bed and nail plate.
4.
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