MidtermlExam:lCOGSCIlC100l|lQuestions
landlVerifiedlAnswers|l100%lCorrect|lGrade
lA
QUESTION
lOurlbeliefslandlexpectationslinfluencelourlownlbehavior
Answer:
StudylbylMarklSnyderlfoundlthatlwhenlalmanlwaslledltolbelievelthatlalwomanlfoundlhimlattrac
tive,lshelwaslmorellikelyltolactlasliflsheldid
QUESTION
lperceptuallconstancy
Answer:
perceivinglobjectslaslunchangingl(havinglconsistentllightness,lcolor,lshape,landlsize)levenlaslill
uminationlandlretinallimageslchange
•Manylvisuallillusionslresultlfromltheloveruseloflstrategieslemployedltolachievelperceptuallcons
tancy
QUESTION
lshapelconstancy
Answer:
welperceivelthelformloflfamiliarlobjectslaslconstantlevenlwhilelourlretinallimagesloflthemlchan
gel
•lAldoorlcastslanlincreasinglyltrapezoidallimagelonlourlretinaslaslitlopens,lyetlwelstilllperceivel
itlaslrectangular
QUESTION
lLightnesslConstancy
,Answer:
welperceivelanlobjectlaslhavinglalconstantlcolor,levenliflchanginglilluminationlalterslthelwavele
ngthslreflectedlbylthelobject.
QUESTION
lSize-distancelconstancy
Answer:
welperceivelanlobjectlaslthelsamelsizelwhenlitlislfarlawaylaslwhenlitlislnearlthoughlthelimagelo
nlthelretinalislsmallerl
Muller-Lyerillusion:lIsllinelABlorllinelBCllonger?
QUESTION
lThelMagicallKingdomloflSalt
Answer:
InlthelSalarldelUyuniloflBolivia,lthelworld'sllargestlsaltlflat,lwithlnolotherlobjectslinlsight,lthelh
umanleyelloseslitslabilityltolestablishlalproperlfieldlofldepth.lThelresultlislsomelbizarrelpictures
.
QUESTION
lDevelopmentloflPerception
Answer:
Therelislalcriticallperiodlforlnormallsensorylandlperceptualldevelopment
Kittenslrearedlinlalcylinderlwithlonlylverticallblacklandlwhitelstripesllaterlhadldifficultylperceiv
inglhorizontallbars
-Kittenlwouldlplaylwithlrodlonlylwhenlitlwaslheldlupright.
QUESTION
lAdultslwholwerelbornlblindlandllaterlgainedlvisionlthroughlnewly-
developedlsurgicallinterventionsl(e.g.,lcataractlsurgery)lusuallylhavelsomeldifficultylrecognizin
globjects
,Answer:
-
>lAtlagel3,lMikelMayllostlhislvisionlinlanlexplosion.lDecadesllater,lalnewlcornealrestoredlvisio
nltolhislrightleye.
•lUnfortunately,lalthoughlsignalslwerelnowlreachinglhislvisuallcortex,litllackedlthelexperiencelt
olinterpretlthem
l-Maylcouldlnotlrecognizelexpression,lorlfaces,lapartlfromlfeatureslsuchlaslhair
l-Yetlhelcanlseelanlobjectlinlmotion
QUESTION
lAuditorylPerception:lEffectsloflMusiclonlCognition
Answer:
Musiclhaslbeenlfoundltolinfluencelmemory,ldecisionlmaking,landlotherlcognitivelprocesses
-
>lStudylconductedlinlsupermarketslfoundlthatluseloflslowlbackgroundlmusiclincreasedlsaleslby
l39%loverluseloflfastlmusicl-shopperslstayedlinlstorellongerlandlboughtlmore,lallotlmore
-
Particularlyleffectivelforlpurchasingldecisionslwithlhighlaffective/lowlcognitivelinvolvement,le.
g.,ljewelry,lsportswear,landlbeer
QUESTION
lStudylonleffectsloflmusiclonldecisionlmaking
Answer:
Grouplwhollistenedltolperfectlfifthlconsonant,lfamiliarlchordl(twinkle,ltwinklellittlelstar)lwerel
morelswayedlbylaggregatelinformationlthanlindividuallinformation.
QUESTION
lThelMozartlEffect
Answer:
Initiallresearch
•Participantslwholspentl10lminutesllisteningltolMozartlafterwardslshowedlmeanlspatiallIQlscor
eslthatlwerel8-9lpointslhigherlthanlthatloflcontrolslinlrelaxationlconditions
-Effectldidlnotlextendlbeyondl10-15lminutes
, -Effectlwaslspecificltolspatialltemporallperformance
Follow-
uplstudieslwithlratslsuggestlthatleffectlcannotlbelexplainedlmerelylbyl"enjoymentlarousal"
•RatslexposedltolMozartlinluterolandlforl60-
daylpostpartumlperiodlcompletedlmazeltestlsignificantlylmorelquicklylandlwithlfewerlerrorsltha
nlcontrollratslexposedltolminimalistlmusic,lwhitelnoise,lorlsilencel(Jenkins,lJ.S.,l2001)
Longer-termleffects
•ChildrenlfromllowlSESlbackgroundslwholwerelgivenlclassicallmusiclinlwindlandlstringlinstru
mentslforl18lmonthslperformedlsignificantlylbetterlonlIQltestsladministeredlafterlprogramlende
dl(Barbaroux,lDittinger&lBesson,l2019)
QUESTION
lSpecificityloflmusicl(inlrelationltolmozartleffect)
Answer:
•Nolenhancementlinlperformancelonlspatial-
temporalltestslwaslshownlafterllisteningltolminimalistlorlold-
timelpoplmusicl(Jenkins,lJ.S.,l2001)
-
Inlfact,lonelexperimentlfoundlthatlheavylmetallincreasedlthelamountlofltimelitltooklforlmiceltol
runlalmazelbyl20lminutesl
-andlthelmicelalsolstartedlkillingleachlother!
•OtherltypesloflmusiclthatlresemblelMozart'slinlalhighldegreelofllong-
termlperiodicity,lespeciallylwithinlthel10-60slrangel(e.g.,lBach),lalsolfoundltolbeleffective
QUESTION
lThelMozartleffectlonlepilepsy
Answer:
•ListeningltolMozartlhaslbeenlfoundltoldecreaselabnormallbrainlwavelactivitylandlnumberloflse
izureslinlpatientslwithlepilepsyl(Grylls,lKinsky,lBaggottletlal.,l2018)
-
Onelstudylfoundlthatl23lofl29lpatientslshowedldecreaselinlseizurelactivitylafterllisteningltolMo
zartlpianolsonata
-Abnormallspikeslfelllfroml62%ltol21%linlonelpatient
