MCAT Biochemistry UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
MCAT Biochemistry
Institution
MCAT Biochemistry
MCAT Biochemistry UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWER- Makes up most of the extracellular matrix of
connective tissue, provides strength and flexibility, trihelical fiber with glycine residues.
Elastin - CORRECT ANSWER- Component of extracellular matrix of connecti...
MCAT Biochemistry UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Makes up most of the extracellular matrix of
connective tissue, provides strength and flexibility, trihelical fiber with glycine residues.
Elastin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Component of extracellular matrix of connective tissue
- stretches and recoils to restore original shape of tissue.
Kinesins and dyneins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Motor proteins associated with
microtubules; important for cell transport, chromosome alignment, cilia/flagella.
Cadherins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A group of glycoproteins that mediate calcium-
dependent cell-cell adhesion.
Integrins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A group of proteins that have 2 membrane-spanning
chains involved with binding and communicating with the extracellular matrix.
Selectins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Proteins that bind to carbohydrate molecules that
project from other cell surfaces (weakest bonds formed by CAMs)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Proteins produced by B-cells
that function to neutralize targets in the body.
Opsonization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Marking a pathogen for destruction by
lymphocytes.
Gs proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- G protein subunit that stimulates adenylate cyclase
-> increase cAMP
Gi proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- G protein subunit that inhibits adenylate cyclase ->
decrease cAMP
, Gq proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- G protein subunit that acitvates phospholipase C ->
PIP2 -> IP3 -> open calcium channels in ER, increasing calcium levels in cell
Edman degradation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Uses selective cleavage of N-terminus to
sequence smaller proteins.
SDS-PAGE - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Separate proteins on the basis of mass alone by
neutralizing the protein's original charge; protein denatured.
Heterochromatin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Chromatin that remains compacted during S
phase, dark under light microscopy, transcriptionally silent.
Euchromatin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Chromatin that appears light under light
microscopy, contains genetically active DNA.
Proofreading - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An incorrect base is excised from dsDNA during
replication by DNA polymerase.
Mismatch repair - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Enzymes detect and remove errors missed
during S phase by DNA polymerase.
Nucleotide excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Excision endonuclease removes
section of DNA, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands, ligase joins backbone (G1, G2)
Base excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Mutated base removed, generating AP site;
AP endonuclease removes damaged sequence; DNA polymerase/ligase repair strand (G1, G2)
Apoenzyme - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An enzyme without its cofactor.
Holoenzyme - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An enzyme containing its cofactor.
Water-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Vitamins B and C (ascorbic acid) - must
be replenished because are excreted in the urine.
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