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Nursing 3100 Final Exam with correct answers
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Nursing 3100 Final Exam with correct answers
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Nursing 3100 Final Exam with correctanswers
How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of nausea? what and where
are the receptors locate?) - ANSWERS✔✔ Antiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor
trigger zone) which suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located
near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier
When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWERS✔✔ At least 1 hour before symptoms
List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their mechanism and potential
side effects. - ANSWERS✔✔ - anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission
- antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1 receptors on CTZ
- dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ
- serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and CTZ
What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op nausea? - ANSWERS✔✔
It works as aromatherapy
What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following? A patient recoverin
from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A patient with a slow transit time. A patient
who requires bowel preparation before surgery. - ANSWERS✔✔ Myocardial
Infarction: stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and valsalva's
maneuver
Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which decreases the stool transit
time
Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of hyperosmotic laxatives which
are fast working
What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives, hyperosmotic laxatives,
saline cathartics, and bulk-forming laxatives? - ANSWERS✔✔ stimulant laxatives:
can't be administered with antacids --> causes premature dissolution in the
stomach, GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent
, hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance
saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose electrolytes
bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid discomfort
When should diarrhea be treated? - ANSWERS✔✔ at onset of symptoms
What are the causes of diarrhea? - ANSWERS✔✔ - infection
- viral
- bacteria
- absorption issues
- stress alters the motility of feces
- irritable bowel syndrome
- sorbital containing medications
- enteral feedings
What is ORT (oral rehydration therapy)? When should it be used? - ANSWERS✔✔
Replaces water and electrolytes in patients with diarrhea. It should be used at the
onset of diarrhea.
What is the BRAT diet? When should it be used and when should it not be used? -
ANSWERS✔✔ Bananas, rice, applesauce, tea/toast. It should be used for diarrhea
right after ORT and not used in pediatric patients
What is the most important therapy for diarrhea? - ANSWERS✔✔ ORT
Under what circumstances should medication be used for chronic diarrhea? What is
the drug of choice (DOC)? Why? - ANSWERS✔✔ It should be used when the diarrhea
is chronic (longer than a few days). The drug of choice is calcium polycarbophil
(Equalactin) because it absorbs excess water.
What is the significance of "coffee-ground" emesis? Green emesis (think about bile)?
Bright red emesis? - ANSWERS✔✔ Coffee-ground emesis: is from the stomach
because it has been siting in a more acidic environment
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