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PNB Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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PNB Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved How does PTH help increase the calcium ion concentration of the blood? A.) PTH decreases urine calcium output. B.) PTH increases blood calcium levels by decreasing osteoclast activity C.) PTH increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteobla...

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  • October 22, 2024
  • 63
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PNB
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JOSHCLAY
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

PNB Final Exam Questions and Answers

100% Solved


How does PTH help increase the calcium ion concentration of the blood?

A.) PTH decreases urine calcium output.

B.) PTH increases blood calcium levels by decreasing osteoclast activity

C.) PTH increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteoblast activity

D.) PTH increases calcium blood levels by increasing the rate of calcium

uptake to osteocytes. - ✔✔PTH decreases urine calcium output.

Which of the following is classified as a loose connective tissue proper?

A.) Areolar CT

B.) Elastic CT

C.) Regular CT

D.) Compact Bone - ✔✔Areolar CT

When calcium enters the cytoplasm, it can be removed by any of the

following mechanisms

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

A.) calcium extrusion by binding to calcium binding proteins such as

neurocalcin

B.) opening of calcium channels in the endoplasmatic reticulum

C.) calcium uptake to golgi cells

D.) calcium uptake to mitochondria - ✔✔calcium uptake to mitochondria

When doing a handstand the stomach is ____ to the lungs:

A.) inferior

B.) dorsal

C.) superior

D.) medial - ✔✔inferior

In the conversion of cartilage to bone, osteoblasts

A.) are freed to join the cellular components of bone marrow

B.) are responsible for driving ossification

C.) undergo metaplasia to become osteoclasts

D.) undergo neoplasia to become osteoclasts - ✔✔are responsible for

driving ossification

Carouso mice have difficulty maintaining balance and walk in circles. This

defect has been attributed to a sodium proton antiporter (exchanger)

important in maintaining pH homeostasis in cells. Assume that sodium is

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

more concentrated on the outside of the cell than inside. Similarly, protons

are more concentrated inside the cell than outside. Suddenly, you increase

the sodium concentration inside the cell to equal the concentration of

sodium outside the cell. What effect will this have on the pH inside the cell?

A.) The pH inside the cell will increase making it more acidic.

B.) The pH inside the cell will decrease making it more basic.

C.) The pH inside the cell will decrease making it more acidic.

D.) The pH inside the cell will remain the same as the proton concentration

is independent of the sodium concentration. - ✔✔The pH inside the cell will

decrease making it more acidic.

Fick´s law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is

A.) proportional to membrane thickness and surface area.

B.) proportional to the surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely

proportional to concentration gradient.

C.) proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to

concentration gradient.

D.) proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane

permeability. - ✔✔proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and

membrane permeability.

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

A structure composed of two or more tissues is termed:

A.) tissue system

B.) serous membrane

C.) organ

D.) complex tissue - ✔✔organ

In some women, the vaginal lining transforms after puberty from simple

columnar to stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of:

A.) atrophy.

B.) metaplasia.

C.) hypertrophy.

D.) neoplasia. - ✔✔metaplasia

During early embryonic development, cartilage grows both internally and

along its periphery. These processes are known as____________,

respectively:

A.) interstitial; appositional

B.) chondrogenic; osteogenic

C.) osteogenic; chondrogenic

D.) appositional; interstitial - ✔✔interstitial; appositional

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