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NUR254/ NUR 254 (Latest 2024/ 2023 Update) Childbearing and Child Caring Families Review| 100% Correct| Grade A- Galen $17.99
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NUR254/ NUR 254 (Latest 2024/ 2023 Update) Childbearing and Child Caring Families Review| 100% Correct| Grade A- Galen
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NUR254/ NUR 254 (Latest 2024/ 2023 Update) Childbearing and Child Caring Families Review| 100% Correct| Grade A- Galen

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  • October 22, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur254 nur 254
  • nur254 nur 254 latest update childbe

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Exam 1: NUR254/ NUR 254 (Latest 2024/ 2023 Update)
Childbearing and Child Caring Families Review| 100%
Correct| Grade A- Galen


Type 1 Acute Respiratory Failure - ANSWER Hypoxemic

Type 2 Acute Respiratory Failure - ANSWER Hypercapnic

Hypoxemic respiratory failure (T1) is characterized by... - ANSWER PaO2 <60
mmHg despite increased inspired O2 with a normal or low PaCO2.

Hypercapnic respiratory failure (T2) is characterized by... - ANSWER respiratory
acidosis, PaCO2 > 50 mmHg, and pH <7.35... hypoxemia may or may not be
present

Risk Factors for acute resp. failure - ANSWER - Impaired Ventilation
(Hypoventilation)
- Ventilation Perfusion Mismatch
- Impaired Diffusion (Alveolar)

RF for acute resp. failure: Impaired ventilation (hypoventilation) causes - ANSWER -
Airway obstruction
-Resp muscle weakness/paralysis, sometimes caused by myasthenia gravis
- Chest-wall injury
-Anesthesia
- opioid administration

RF for acute resp. failure: Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch causes - ANSWER -
COPD
- Restrictive lung disease (sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis)
- Atelectasis
Pulmonary embolus
- Pneumothorax

RF for acute resp. failure: Impaired Diffusion (Alveolar) causes - ANSWER -
Pulmonary edema
- ARDS

Diagnostics done for Acute Resp. Failure - ANSWER - ABGs (hypoxemic - initially
alkolotic... hypercapnic - acidotic w/or w/out hypoxemia)
- H/H
-C X-ray
- Sputum Cx

Treatment for Acute Resp. Failure - ANSWER Not a disease... must treat CAUSE

, What is ARDS? - ANSWER A severe form of acute resp. failure

- non-cardiac pulmonary edema with refractory hypoxemia (despite hi flow O2)

ARDS is defined by the following characteristics: - ANSWER - Acute onset of <7
days
- Refractory hypoxemia
- Bilateral infiltrates R/O cardiac pulmonary edema as cause

Causes of ARDS (Direct & Indirect) ... most common? - ANSWER Common: Sepsis
Direct:
- Pneumonia
-Severe trauma
- aspiration
- Inhalation injury
- Pulmonary contusion
- PE

Indirect:
-Sepsis, shock
-Pancreatitis
- Burns
- massive transfusions (TRALI -> transfusion related acute lung injury)
- cardiopulmonary bypass
- drug/alc. overdose

Foundation of ARDS Pathophysiology - ANSWER Unregulated systemic
inflammatory response to either the acute injury or inflammation. Chemical
inflammatory mediators released.

What are the 3 stages to ARDS> - ANSWER - Exudative
-Proliferative
-Fibrotic

Exudative Phase
- When does this phase occur?
- This phase is the result of...
- Alveolar cells produce ___________, which maintains surface tension of alveoli to
prevent collapse... but with damage to alveoli there is decreased production causing
_______ - ANSWER - occurs 24-48 hours after injury
- Disruption in the alveolar-capillary membrane due to the release of inflammatory
mediators... causing fluid shift from capillaries into the interstitial space and alveoli
(SEVERE V/Q mismatch)
- SURFACTANT, ATELECTASIS

Clinical Manifestations of Exudative Phase: - ANSWER - hyperventilation
- Tachy <3
---> compensatory responses to hypoxemia
- ATELECTASIS

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