NSG550/ NSG 550 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Diagnostic
Reasoning for Nurse Practitioners Review| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) - ANSWER Converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, causing blood vessel constriction and increased blood pressure.
ACE in lung protection - ANSWER ACE2 protects against acute lung injury during
ARDS by regulating the renal angiotensin system.
Acid-fast bacilli smear - ANSWER A rapid TB test that detects bacteria in a few
days, though culture results are needed for confirmation.
ALK - ANSWER Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; mutation tested in lung cancer to
guide treatment decisions.
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency - ANSWER Inherited disorder causing lung (and liver)
disease, usually presenting between ages 25-50 with shortness of breath, decreased
exercise tolerance, and wheezing. Smoking accelerates emphysema.
Alpha1-antitrypsin role - ANSWER A protein that protects the lungs from neutrophil
elastase; deficiency leads to emphysema and other lung damage.
ARDS - ANSWER Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ACE2 may play a
protective role against acute lung injury in this condition.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - ANSWER Measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in
the blood to assess acid-base balance.
Bronchoscopy - ANSWER A procedure using a bronchoscope to examine the lungs
and collect samples through bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
Cancer tumor markers - ANSWER Substances produced by tumor cells, often
checked via biopsy for mutations that aid in targeted cancer therapy.
Carbon dioxide content - ANSWER Measures the amount of CO2 in the blood,
mostly in the form of bicarbonate, which helps regulate acid/base balance.
Carbon monoxide poisoning - ANSWER Treated with 100% oxygen or hyperbaric
oxygen therapy when levels of carboxyhemoglobin are elevated.
Carboxyhemoglobin - ANSWER A measure of carbon monoxide exposure; levels
above 30% indicate severe poisoning.
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