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NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM|| ACTUAL EXAM WITH ALL
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND FULLY
COVERED VERSION 2024-2025 WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!!!
Fat Soluble Hormones
Steroids
Water Soluble Hormones
Need 2nd Messenger to transport across phospholipid membranes
Pituitary Hormones
TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Acct for 75% of total weight of pituitary gland. Three regions, pars distalis, parts
tuberalis, and pars intermedia. Pars distalis is major component of Anterior
Pituitary and source of Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Arises from 3rd ventricle of brain, consists of three parts, median eminence,
pituitary stalk, and infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural tube). Median
eminence is composed mainly of nerve endings of axons that arise primarily from
ventral hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior pituitary's median eminence.
Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing hormones and neurotransmitters such as
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
Pituitary stalk
contains axons of neurons that originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular
nuclei of the hypothalamus.
Hormones of posterior pituitary
ADH, and Oxytocin (Peptide Hormones)
ADH (antidiuretic Hormone)
Major homeostatic function of posterior pituitary is control of plasma osmolality,
as regulated by ADH
Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues (Hypophysiotropic hormones)
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HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Gonadotropoin-releasing
hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin, Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH),
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
Somatostatin
Inhibits release of growth hormone and TSH
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone
Stimulates release of FSH and LH
Dopamine
Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)
Stimulate secretion of prolactin
Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic hormones, GH,
prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
SECRETORY CELL TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic hormones
Prolactin,
Milk production
TSH
Increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Ovulation, progesterone production (in glanulosa cells)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle maturation, estrogen production (In Women: Granulosa Cells, In Men:
Sertoli Cells)
B-Lipotropin
