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SOES1006 Self Assessment Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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SOES1006 Self Assessment Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Give a brief definition of a rocky reef - hard substrate habitats usually found along continental shelves in temperate or sub-tropical regions typically structurally complex What is the difference between a kelp bed and a kelp for...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 41
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

SOES1006 Self Assessment Exam

Questions and Answers 100% Solved


Give a brief definition of a rocky reef - ✔✔hard substrate habitats

usually found along continental shelves in temperate or sub-tropical regions

typically structurally complex

What is the difference between a kelp bed and a kelp forest - ✔✔Both are

highly productive macroalgae habitats attached to rocky reefs

kelp forests consist of canopy forming kelp that reach the sea surface

Kelp beds are formed of shorter kelp that do not reach the surface

What are the three sections of a rocky reef kelp ecosystem - ✔✔Canopy,

understory, algal turf

Why are extensive kelp forests are often found along coasts with high

upwelling intensity - ✔✔Upwelling brings cold nutrient rich waters to the

surface

key for kelp growth

need lots of dissolved inorganic nutrients to support photosynthesis

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

What is a trophic cascade? example. - ✔✔chain-reaction within food webs

that results from changing population densities at higher trophic levels,

shifting the dominance and impact of consumers at lower levels

otters (high trophic level), which eat sea-urchins, are removed from kelp

forest ecosystems, the sea-urchins (which eat macroalgae, such as kelp)

become very abundant and cause kelp-deforestation

What does it mean if community structure is largely driven by "bottom-up"

forces - ✔✔abundance and structure of species and individuals within an

ecological community is driven by factors such as nutrient productivity, as

opposed to "top-down" control in which communities are structured by

trophic cascades

peripatric speciation - ✔✔When small groups of individuals break off from

the rest of the geographic range of a species. Over time, genetic and

morphological differences accumulate, causing the formation of new

species

allopatric speciation - ✔✔When two or more populations become

completely geographically (and hence, reproductively) isolated. Over time,

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

genetic and morphological differences accumulate, causing the formation

of new species.

example of how sympatric speciation can occur - ✔✔the cryptic species

pair Acropera digitifera and Acropera sp. 1 became reproductively isolated

because of differences in spawning time

biogeographic break - ✔✔geographic location where many species end

their geographic ranges (i.e where many species range limits occur)

phylogeographic break - ✔✔location where two or more genetically distinct

populations within a species (i.e. genetic clades) come into contact.

phenotypic plasticity - ✔✔When a single genome (within a species) can

produce more than one phenotype (e.g. morphology, life history) when

exposed to different environments

If a species has experienced a range expansion (potentially in response to

warming temperatures since the last glacial maximum), would the

populations within the recently expanded portion of its geographic range

likely have lower or higher genetic diversity compared to more central

populations? - ✔✔Lower. As a general rule, populations within the recently

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

expanded portion of a species' geographic range have lower genetic

diversity compared to more central populations.

Central populations have had more time to accumulate genetic diversity

and there is often higher gene flow between populations in the range

centre.

Which of the following is NOT a life history trait: growth rate, age at

maturity, size at sex change, egg size, reproductive output, geographic

range, sex ratio, life span - ✔✔Geographic range

protandrous sequential hermaphrodite - ✔✔A protandrous sequential

hermaphrodite is a species that starts its life off as a male and then

becomes a female later in life (example: many limpet species).

simultaneous hermaphrodite - ✔✔A simultaneous hermaphrodite has both

male and female reproductive organs throughout its life (example: Deep

sea Lizardfish).

What is the relationship between egg size and maternal size in fish -

✔✔Larger females produce larger eggs

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