NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology EXAM 1 LATEST
2024.2025 EXAM ACCURATE FALL- SPRING (WILKES
UNIVERSITY) GRADED A+
What does a substrate for an enzyme mean?
It needs it to undergo metabolism
What is an enzyme inducer?
It increases clearance of the drug (decreased blood levels of drug--may need dose
increase)
What is an enzyme inhibitor?
It reduces clearance (increased blood levels of drug--may need dose decrease)
Who is at risk for drug toxicity?
Elderly, those with decreased renal function
-Cannot properly excrete the drug
,NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology
What are the key pharmacokinetic changes that occur during pregnancy?
-Decreased absorption
-Increased hepatic metabolism
-Increased renal excretion
**Dose adjustments are common during pregnancy
What is the safest drug category for pregnant women?
Category A
What is the contraindicated drug category for pregnant women?
Category X
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body
,NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology
What is a drug's half-life?
The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to be reduced by
50%
How many half-lives does it take to remove most of the drug from the body?
Appx 4
Why is knowing half-life important?
When switching to another drug that cannot be given with the previous drug.
How to determine when drug will be cleared from body:
Multiply half-life of drug by 4
Ex: Half-life of drug A = 8 hours
8 x 4 = 32 hours (how long you'd need to wait before starting the contraindicated
new drug B)
, NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology
What is therapeutic index?
Statement of the relative safety of a drug
Which is safer: a wide TI or a narrow TI?
A wide TI is safer (more dosing options before reaching toxic effects)
What is the minimum effective concentration?
The minimum amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect
What is receptor desensitization?
Decreased responsiveness of the receptor to the drug; decreased overall effects
How does antibiotic resistance occur?
The bacteria find a way to become resistant to the antibiotic. They multiply
leading to an ineffective antibiotic
How to prevent antibiotic resistance:
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