Structure and Function: Foundation for Assessment
The musculoskeletal system is composed of skeletal muscle and five
types of connective tissues: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and
fascia. Muscles and bones facilitate movement through the joints or
articulations. Connective tissues are located all around the muscles,
bones, and joints, and they serve protective functions. The more elastic
the connective tissue found around a joint, the greater the range of
motion (ROM) in that joint will be. The specialized forms of connective
tissue in the musculoskeletal system are described in Table 21.1.
Fact
The musculoskeletal system is composed of which of the following?
Skeletal muscle
Five types of connective tissues (bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons,
fascia)
Connective tissues are located all around the muscles, bones, and
joints, and they serve protective functions.
True
Also known as articulation
joints
The neck and spine joints can move with rotation.
True
The cervical and lumbar curves of the vertebral column are concave
inward).
True
Which term means loss of bone density?
osteoporosis
Women experience rapid loss of bone density for first 5 to 7 years after
menopause, and then bone loss continues but slows.
True
Bone mass is related to race, heredity, hormonal factors, physical
activity, and calcium intake.
True
, Bone mass is related to which of the following factors? Select all that
apply.
Heredity
Physical activity
Hormonal factors
Calcium intake
Race
Which of the following occur with age?
Postural changes, decreased height, and loss of water content in the
intervertebral disks
Joints become less flexible, tendons and ligaments shrink and harden,
muscle mass decreases as a result of atrophy and loss in size
Subcutaneous fat distribution changes
The curvature of long bones is related to both ethnicity and body weight.
True
A woman can lose about 20% of her bone mass in the first 5 to 7 years
after menopause.
True
Assessments of patients reporting musculoskeletal difficulties focuses
on which of the following?
Identifying the specific problem
Alleviating pain
Preventing complications
If the nurse finds a joint to be swollen and tender following an injury, he
or she may suspect a strain or sprain.
True
Upon assessment of a patient, the nurse finds malalignment of a bone.
Which of the following are correct actions by the nurse? Select all that
apply.
Notify the physician or advanced practice provider immediately.
Keep the patient calm, quiet, still, and comfortable
Immobilize the extremity
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