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Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster Questions and Answers Solved 100%- Correct
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Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster✅✅
Characteristics of living things - -1. levels of organization
2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
Levels of Biological Organization - ✅✅ -atom, molecule, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism, species, population, community,
ecosystem, biosphere
How are organisms classified? - ✅✅-on the basis of their
evolutionary/genetic relatedness
✅✅
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological
sciences? - -Process used to validate observations while minimizing
observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable
manner. The best way to discover how and why the world works
✅✅-Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter? -
What is an atom? - ✅✅-smallest unit of matter that retains all the
chemical properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which
then form into a solid, gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ✅✅ -Nucleus in the center that
contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The
outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the electrons
(negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ✅✅ -A chemical bond that's formed when an
atom transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ✅✅ -Results when 2 atoms share electrons in
order to have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ✅✅-Occurs when 2 atoms share 2
, ✅✅
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their
parts? - -Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ✅✅-Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ✅✅-Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ✅✅-Glucose= monosaccharide
that serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein -✅✅ -macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid -✅✅ -Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and
waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - ✅✅ -macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - ✅✅ -All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome -✅✅-Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✅✅-A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one
part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - ✅✅-Makes lipids
, Lysosome - ✅✅-Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - ✅✅-Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - ✅✅-Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
Nucleus - ✅✅ -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
✅✅
Cell wall - -A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: -✅✅ -Molecules move from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until the
concentration of molecules is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - ✅✅ -Water moves from areas of low
solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ✅✅-S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ✅✅ -Catalysts that increase the speed of a
chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ✅✅ --The process in which the
Sun's energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? -✅✅ -Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ✅✅-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2
+ 6H2O + Energy
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