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RUSH – ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY NSG 531 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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RUSH – ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY NSG 531 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Pharmacodynamics - What the body does with a medicineWhat is the advantage of stating medicine dose as a logarithm? - ANSWER: We
can express drug doses ranging from 0.01 ug to 100 ug in a single graph.
- Expands concentration at the lower axis for better understanding of the body's
response at lower doses. - Allows for finer grading on the left side of the graph,
where the response occurs. - Allows for comparison of graphs for different
drugs. - Overlay
What do the three areas on an LDR curve represent? - ANSWER: The graph
starts flat with no difference between integers, indicating no response at this
dose. - The area where it rises is called the linear part of the graph, where we
begin to see the effects of increasing the dose. - The next part is called the
plateau, where increasing the dose has no further effect.
Graded responses are expressed as absolute values on the y-axis, allowing for a
range of values.
Quantal response (ANSWER) is expressed on the y-axis as the percentage of
respondents or non-responders.
What is an example of a percentage-based response that is not quantitative? -
ANSWER A1C is represented as a percentage and can be measured as a graded
number on the y axis.
On an LDR curve, which medication is more potent? - ANSWER Drug A
What does it imply to say that one medicine is more potent than another? -
ANSWER To obtain the same effect, use less of that medicine than the other.
ED50 is the dose that elicits a response equal to half of the highest response.
Efficacy refers to a drug's greatest response, which is represented by a plateau
on the curve.
, What is an example of when reaching the maximum dose would be a bad thing?
- ANSWER Consider providing a medication to induce a reduction in systolic
blood pressure. We do not want it to be 90 percent effective.
Which medicine is more effective on an LDR curve if medicine B is higher than
Drug A? - ANSWER Drug B
How do you compute the therapeutic index? - Answer: TI = TD50/ED50.
Is it preferable to have a high or low therapeutic index? - Answer: High.
stereoisomer - ANSWER: identical structural formula, atoms organized
differently in space - this could lead a medicine to not be a good complementary
fit.
Enantiomers are mirror images of one other.
What are the advantages of having a medication that is only the active
enantiomer? - ANSWER: The medicine that is the pure form of the active
enantiomer and not a combination should in theory just bind at the active site -
you're not getting undesired binds.
A racemic mixture is an equal mixture of enantiomers.
Ka - ANSWER Ka is the volume required to obtain one mole of unbound drug
when 50% of the receptors are occupied.
Kd - ANSWER Kd is the concentration of drug in the plasma when half of the
receptors are occupied.
Full agonist - ANSWER Ability of a medicine to deliver 100% of the maximum
response regardless of its potency.
partial agonist -- ANSWER Medication that has a lower, or less effective,
reaction than an agonist.
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