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NUR 4251 Quiz 2 With Verified Solutions
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NUR 4251 Quiz 2 With Verified Solutions1. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented through
immunization?
a. Chlamydia
b. Gonorrhea
c. Hepatitis B
d. Herpes
ANS: C
At the time of this writing, HBV infection can be prevented by immunization; vaccines for
the remaining options are not yet available.
2. Which of the following provides the best explanation as to why people do not
immediately seek medical treatment when they first become ill with HIV?
a. They are afraid to get tested for fear results will be positive.
b. They avoid the problem (maybe it will go away).
c. They dont recognize their symptoms as possibly being due to HIV.
d. It is too expensive to get an HIV test.
ANS: C
When HIV enters the body, it can cause a flu-like syndrome referred to as a primary
infection or acute retroviral syndrome. This may go unrecognized. The symptoms are
similar to flu or a bad cold including sore throat, lethargy, rash, fever, and muscle pain.
An antibody test at this stage is usually negative. So the person or a medical provider
may not recognize the illness as HIV.
,3. A client was visibly quite relieved after receiving a negative result from an HIV test.
Thank goodness. I've had unprotected sex on a number of occasions, and when a friend
of mine mentioned he was ill, I think I overreacted. What is most important to impress
upon this client now?
a. The only sure way you will know you do not have HIV is through abstinence.
b. Sex should be with only one partner.
c. The test could be wrong and the client actually has an HIV infection.
d. The test would not pick up any recently acquired infection, and if the client has had
unprotected sex recently, the test should be repeated in 3 months.
ANS: D
It is important to inform the client that the test will not diagnose any infections that may
have been acquired within the past 3 months prior to the test. Sometimes it takes up to
12 weeks for the antibody of HIV to appear. All clients who are being tested for STDs
should undergo counseling regarding reduction of risk both prior to and after the test is
performed.
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4. A student coming to the student health clinic asks how AIDS is diagnosed. Which of
the following is the best answer the nurse can give?
a. A diagnosis of AIDS is made when a screening test called an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is confirmed by a test called the Western blot test.
b. A diagnosis of AIDS is done when antibodies to HIV are detected about 6 weeks to 3
months following possible exposure.
c. A diagnosis of AIDS is done when antibodies to HIV reach peak levels of 1000/ml of
blood.
d. A diagnosis of AIDS is done when CD4 T lymphocytes drop to less than 200/ml.
ANS: D
,AIDS is defined as a disabling or life-threatening illness caused by HIV; it is diagnosed in
a person with a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 200/ml with or without documented
HIV infection. The most common screening test to determine whether the antibody to
HIV is present is the HIV antibody test, usually the EIA, but it does not confirm AIDS.
Positive results with the EIA are confirmed with the Western blot test. However,
false-negative results are common between 6 weeks to 3 months after exposure.
5. The correctional health nurse is performing a rapid intake on a newly arrived inmate
who is known to be positive for HIV. For which of the following should the inmate be
screened immediately?
a. Herpes zoster
b. Hepatitis B
c. Hepatitis C
d. Tuberculosis
ANS: D
Individuals with HIV infection who live communally, such as prisoners, must be
screened very carefully and judged noninfectious before admission to any penal
institution can take place. An individual with HIV has much greater chance of
opportunistic infections arising and the most common one is TB.
6. A school nurse is discussing modes of transmission of HIV with a group of students.
Which of the following student statements indicates a need for further teaching?
a. I wouldnt sit next to someone with HIV.
b. Having unprotected sex with someone who is infected spreads HIV.
c. Sharing needles when shooting up drugs spreads HIV.
, d. Transfusions of blood products that are contaminated can spread HIV.
ANS: A
HIV can be transmitted through exposure to blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and
breast milk and by sharing needles, syringes, and other equipment used to prepare
injectable drugs. It is also transferred from mother to child by perinatal transmission
through delivery or breastfeeding and through transfusions of contaminated blood. HIV
infection is not transmitted by casual contact with a person having the infection through
touching or hugging. It is not transferred through insects, coughing, sneezing, office
equipment, or from sitting next or eating with a person having HIV infection. Worldwide,
heterosexual transmission accounts for the greatest number of HIV infections.
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7. In the United States, which of the following populations has the highest risk for
acquiring HIV?
a. African-American homosexual men
b. Hispanic IV drug abusers
c. White homosexual men
d. White lesbians
ANS: C
Accounting for the largest number of new infections in 2009 were white men who had
sex with other men, an estimated 11,400. Following that were black MSM, 10,800.
8. Which of the following best explains why some health clinics allow clients to be tested
for HIV anonymously with no record of the clients' name, address or contact
information?
a. Client doesn't actually ever have to be told the results of the test.
b. Client may be involved in illegal activity-use of drugs.
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