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PATHO 370 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)WITH DEEP EXPLANATIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+ Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:

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PATHO 370 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST BANK 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)WITH DEEP
EXPLANATIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:

A. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin.

B. There is a high rejection rate.

C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

D. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor. - answer-C. Stem cells are
harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

In autologous transplantation, the stem cells are collected from the patient's own blood and then stored
and reinfused in the same patient after chemotherapy and radiation. The use of autologous transplants
eliminates the problem of graft-versus-host disease. Transplant from a closely matched donor is known
as allogeneic transplant. In autologous transplant, stem cells are used from the patient's own blood.

Emesis causes:

A. Metabolic alkalosis.

B. Respiratory acidosis.

C. Metabolic alkalosis.

D. Respiratory alkalosis. - answer-A. Metabolic alkalosis.

Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids. Emesis causes a
metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the respiratory system. Emesis involves loss of
gastric acid and fluid and causes an alkalotic disruption.

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

A. Peripheral edema.

B. Redness and swelling.

C. Atrophy of distal tissues.

D. Absent peripheral pulses. - answer-D. Absent peripheral pulses.

Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to an extremity. Swelling
within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the development of compartment syndrome.

,Compartment syndrome creates pallor in the affected extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an
emergency, and could result in profound ischemia in the involved limb.

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain
brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is:

A. Unstable angina.

B. Coronary vasospasm.

C. Myocardial infarction.

D. Stable angina. - answer-D. Stable angina.

Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by pain that is caused under
conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as physical exertion or emotional strain. Pain related
to myocardial infarction is not relieved by rest. Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable
attacks of angina pain. A patient with unstable angina presents with symptoms similar to myocardial
infarction.

The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath,
nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no
wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?

A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be started immediately
anyway.

B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen
and get the doctor immediately.

C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started immediately.

D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then check to see that your
stethoscope is working properly. - answer-B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that
the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.

The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may occlude small airways
completely, so that no air is moving, which requires emergency intervention. Alicia has a history of
asthma rather than pneumonia. Asthma can occur without wheezing. This is an emergency situation
that requires you to start oxygen and notify the physician.

The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of:

A. Destruction of alveolar septa.

B. Reduced inflammation.

,C. Recurrent infection.

d. Barrel chest. - answer-C. Recurrent infection.

Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent infection. Destruction
of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not complications of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion
of mucus does not contribute to barrel chest.

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:

A. Malnutrition.

b. Kidney failure.

C. Infection.

D. Hypovolemic shock. - answer-C. Infection.

Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient, because it can
become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of the disease process or the
treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated with leukemic disease. There is no direct
connection between kidney failure and death in leukemia, although kidney failure may occur as a result
of treatment.

When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent
diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:

A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his
gums, then he is probably dehydrated."

B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he is lying down, then he
is probably dehydrated."

C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is probably dehydrated."

D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, so
those are the diagnostic criteria." - answer-A. If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and
his mouth is dry between his cheek and gums, then he is probably dehydrated.

Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check and gums are useful
assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an important part of clinical dehydration. It is true that
clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, but it
does not address the question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper information provides a useful
assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an infant. Drowsiness and fatigue are not
reliable assessments for dehydration.

, Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:

A. Hypovolemia.

B. Vascular collapse.

C. Hyperosmolarity.

D. Cellular fluid shifts. - answer-D. Cellular fluid shifts.

Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of water from the hypo-
osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In brain cells, this leads to swelling or
shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3
weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1
1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about
40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood
pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

A. Encourage smoking cessation.

B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.

C. Begin lifestyle modifications.

D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. - answer-D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.

Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with modifiable risk factors.
Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first. Lifestyle alterations include exercise, smoking
cessation, and weight loss. Blood pressure should be rechecked in 4 to 6 weeks. Smoking cessation
counseling is an appropriate lifestyle alteration.

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to:

A. Mixed acid-base disorders.

B. Metabolic acidosis.

C. Respiratory acidosis.

D. Metabolic alkalosis. - answer-B. Metabolic acidosis.

Diarrhea results in loss of bicarbonate and leads to metabolic acidosis. Loss of bicarbonate (a base)
would not lead to metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory conditions lead to respiratory acid and base
disturbances; diarrhea is not a respiratory condition. Bicarbonate loss through diarrhea would not lead
to any respiratory acid/base disturbance.

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PATHO 370 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)WITH DEEP EXPLANATIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+ Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:

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