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PNB 2265 Final Exam Study Guide with Questions Solved 100% Correct
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PNB 2265 Final Exam Study Guide withQuestions Solved 100% Correct
As ventricular systole ends, the semilunar valves are _______ and the AV vales are
_______. When left ventricular pressure decreases below aortic pressure, the _______
valves will close. When left ventricular pressure decreases below _______ pressure,
the _______ valves will open, and ventricular volume will _______ - ANSWER 1. open
2. closed
3. SL valves
4. atrial pressure
5. AV vales
6. increase
Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in cardiac output due to... - ANSWER
>> increased cAMP in SA nodes
>> increased strength of contraction of ventricular myocytes
Shortly after ventricular systole begins, the AV valves will _______ .Next the SL valves
will _______ to allow ventricular _______. When systole ends, the amount of blood in
the ventricles is the _______ - ANSWER 1. close
2. open
3. ejection
4. ESV
What is the order of heart tissues from deep to superficial? - ANSWER 1. myocardium
2. visceral pericardium
3. pericardial fluid
4. parietal pericardium
,5. fibrous pericardium
Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells.... - ANSWER >> are able to generate an
action potential without input form a neuromuscular junction
>> use extracellular calcium to initiate excitation contraction coupling
>> are connected by desmosomes
What is the sequence of excitation that generates the normal heartbeat? - ANSWER 1.
SA node depolarizes
2. Right atrium depolarizes
3. Signal is delayed (conduction velocity slows down) in this part of the
conduction system
4. Right bundle branch depolarizes
5. Myocytes in apex of ventricles begin to depolarize
6. The signal reaches the last portions of the Purkinje Fibers
Function of the muscular artery - ANSWER Distributes blood to tissue, feed
into arterioles
Structure of Veins - ANSWER Can change compliance
Elastic Artery Structure/Function - ANSWER Acts as a pressure reservoir; has
high compliance
Structure of Capillaries - ANSWER Consist of one tunic (layer) only
Function of Arterioles - ANSWER Can change TPR (total peripheral resistance)
At the beginning of a capillary bed, hydrostatic pressure (BP), is _______ colloid
osmotic pressure (COP), and thus filtration is _______ reabsorption. At the end of the
capillary bed, BP is _______ COP, resulting in filtration that is _______ reabsorption.
Overall, the amount of fluid filtered from the capillary is _______ the amount of fluid
reabsorbed into the capillary - ANSWER 1. greater than
, 2. greater than
3. less than
4. less than
5. greater than
What tissue conditions will cause vasodilation of peripheral arterioles in the GI tract and
opening of pre capillary sphincter tissues? - ANSWER >> increased H+ levels
>> increased CO2 concentration
>> increased K+ concentration
What will increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)? - ANSWER >> increase in
hematocrit levels
>> sympathetic activation of alpha receptors
What can be used to regulate TPR in order to maintain a normal mean
arterial pressure? - ANSWER Epinephrine
What will cause an increase in venous return? - ANSWER >> deep breathes
>> while standing, plantar flex your ankles repeatedly (stand on your toes)
We can hear the pulse when the compression of a blood pressure cuff is between our
systolic and diastolic blood pressures because of the _______ blood flow through the
partially occluded _______ - ANSWER Turbulent; artery
Doubling the radius of a blood vessel will _______ the resistance by a factor of _______
and _______ the flow of blood - ANSWER 1. decrease
2. sixteen
3. increase
In response to an increase in mean arterial pressure, baroreceptor firing will _______,
activating the _______ nervous system to cause a _______ - ANSWER 1. increase
2. parasympathetic
3. decrease in heart rate
Normal levels:
Hb: 120-160
MCV: 80-100
Patients levels:
Hb: 80
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