PSY 225 Comprehensive Exam|
Questions Answered 100%
Correct/Verified Solutions
osteoarthritis - ANSWER breaking down of bones
reserve capacity - ANSWER their ability to responds to demands for extraordinary output
sensation vs perception - ANSWER Sensation: sensory receptors receiving info from
outside world and transmit it to the brain
Perception: interpretation of sensory input
influenced by past experiences
nativism vs constructivism - ANSWER constructivists: perception is the result of interpretation
& learning
nativists: perception is a product of innate capabilities
depth perception and research using the visual cliff - ANSWER Ability to judge the distance
of objects from one another and ourselves, important for guiding motor activity, depth is
perceived ~2 months but not feared
developmental changes in speech perception - ANSWER Infants: can discriminate some speech
sounds better than adults
Older Adult: have at least mild hearing loss, presbycusis-hearing loss for high-pitched
sounds, increased difficulty w/ speech perception
changes in different senses across the lifespan & sensory thresholds - ANSWER taste:
newborns can distinguish between sweet, bitter, and sour tastes, threshold > over age 70
, smell: well-developed at birth, threshold > over age 70
touch: present before birth, decreased sensitivity in older adults
accommodation vs assimilation - ANSWER Accommodation: changing existing schemas to
fit new experiences
Assimilation: using existing schemas to interpret new experience
primary, secondary, and tertiary reactions - ANSWER Primary: repeating actions related to
their own bodies originally engaged in by chance
Secondary: repeating actions involving objects in the external environment for the sake
of amusement
Tertiary: repeating actions w/ variation to observe the outcome; beginning of intentional, goal-
directed behavior
conservation - ANSWER ability to realize that something remains unchanged, even though its
appearance may be slightly altered in some superficial way
centration - ANSWER tendency to focus on one single aspect of a problem
seriation - ANSWER ability to mentally order items along a quantitative dimension, such
as length or width
relativistic thinking - ANSWER ...
hypothetical deductive reasoning - ANSWER the ability to develop hypotheses about how to
solve problems, then systematically deduce the best path to follow in solving the problem
Vygotsky's theory & zone of proximal development - ANSWER -culture affects how & what
we think
-knowledge depends on social competencies
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