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HXPX - TEST 2 ENT WITHCOMPLETE SOLUTION
Bitemporal Hemianopia vs. Homonymous hemianopia - Answer Blindness from a lesion
at the optic chiasm vs. From a lesion of the optic tract or radiation on side contralateral
to the blind area
External Ear - Answer Auricle and external auditory canal
Helix of the External Ear - Answer outer rim of auricle
Antihelix of the External Ear - Answer inside curve of auricle
Tragus of the External Ear - Answer prominence anterior to opening of the auditory
canal
Antitragus of the External Ear - Answer prominence on the antihelix
Concha of the External Ear - Answer cavity that leads to auditory canal
Otitis externa - Answer Outer ear infection "Swimmer's Ear"
-odor, drainage
Middle ear cavity - Answer ossicle bones (malleus, incus, stapes) & Tympanic
membrane
Parts of the malleus - Answer short process, manubrium, umbo
Tympanic membrane - Answer concave membrane connected to malleus at the umbo;
pars tensa, pars flaccida;
light reflex
Otitis media - Answer Middle ear infection
Inner Ear cavity - Answer Vestibule, semicircular canal, cochlea
Labrynthitis - Answer Viral infection of the labyrinth, the fluid-filled chamber of the inner
ear that controls balance and hearing. The infection often results from the spread of
bacteria from acute otitis media, viral illness or meningitis.
-causes dizziness & nausea
Vestibulitis - Answer Vertigo;
Mastoiditis - Answer infection/swelling of Mastoid process; caused by untreated acute
, otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. Can
spread to the brain, etc.
Ear Exam - Inspection of auricles - Answer Color - (Bluish color indicates peripheral
cyanosis)
Deformities
Position on head *top of auricle should be above line drawn from lateral cantus of eye to
prominence on occiput & should be vertical
Ear Exam - Inspection of auditory canal - Answer *TM should look pearly gray
Discharge
Foreign body
Odor
pain on palpating tragus without pain on auricle suggests - Answer otitis media
pain when "tugging" on auricle suggests - Answer otitis externa
Otoscopy - Answer Inspect auditory canal & middle ear
Adults-gently pull auricle up and posteriorly
Infants (<12 months) - pull down and back
Insert speculum just inside auditory canal opening
Inner 2/3 of canal, just past hairline, is very sensitive
Cerumen (wax) is normal and healthy; unless occludes canal
Note landmarks of light reflex, umbo, and manubrium
Pneumatic otoscopy - Answer observe movement of TM using using rubber bulb to
detect otitis media; looking for pressure changes
Hearing Screening Test - Answer CN 8 (Auditory Nerve)
whispered voice or ticking watch in each ear separately
occlude ear not being tested
stand out of visual field of pt
expect pt to hear whispered one syllable words or numbers within 2 ft
expect pt to hear ticking watch at similar distance as for yourself
Conductive Hearing Loss - Answer reduced transmission to middle ear
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