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PPR, PPR Texes 160, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms- Qs & As
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PPR, PPR Texes 160, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms- Qs & As
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PPR, PPR Texes 160, TExES PPR Concepts andTerms- Qs & As
Cultural competence Correct Ans-The ability to interact effectively with people of different
cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. It comprises four components: (a) Awareness of
one's own cultural worldview, (b) Attitude towards cultural differences, (c) Knowledge of
different cultural practices and worldviews, and (d) Cross-cultural skills. Developing cultural
competence results in an ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with
people across cultures.
Cultural Pluralism Correct Ans-Refers to different groups in society keeping their distinctive
cultures while coexisting peacefully with the dominant group. A society in which different
cultures or ethnic groups live together in harmony and mutual respect, each retaining some of
its cultural identity.
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Correct Ans-The state curriculum required to be
taught in public schools. It identifies what knowledge and skills students should have mastered
at various points during their school career (K.3, third-month of Kindergarten,etc.) It doesn't tell
how to asses those skills or how to teach them, but simply identifies when they are to be taught
and mastered.
Diagnostic test Correct Ans-A test to determine more specifically the exact nature a student,
or students', learning problems. It con help the teacher identify ways to better assist the the
students. It is often administered after a standardized test is given that reveals that the student
is having problems learning in a certain content area, but the exact nature of the problem is not
known.
Bookmark/Favorites Correct Ans-A tool on an Internet browser (Explorer, Firefox) to save
website addresses for later use.
Search engine Correct Ans-An Internet program that allows a user to find website and other
documents on a particular subject (Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc.)
,Simulation Correct Ans-In terms of computers this is a program that allows a user to engage
in an activity or task that is close to the actual thing. It is often used when the actual thing is not
possible or desirable. It is used o increase creativity and problem solving skill and to expand a
student's understanding of concepts.
Drill and practice Correct Ans-This is an instructional approach used to help students
increase mastery of a concept or skill and to maintain existing knowledge and skills. For
instance, practicing a certain type of math problem.
Site-based management Correct Ans-In terms of schools, this refers to teachers,
administrators, parents, and other community members actively participating in making
decisions to improve student learning within a school.
Inquiry-based learning Correct Ans-Students develop hypotheses, collect information/data
to test the hypotheses and analyze information/data and formulate conclusions based on the
analyses. This is sometimes referred to as the scientific method.
Problem-based learning Correct Ans-Students acquire knowledge and deepen their
understanding as a result of developing solutions to real life problems.
Bloom's Taxonomy Correct Ans-Bloom's Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives
within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom.
Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and
Psychomotor. Teachers should teach to the higher levels of the cognitive domain.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Correct Ans-Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist,
developed a theory of how cognition develops and changes over time.
Four Stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Correct Ans-Piaget proposed that a
child's intellect progresses through four stages:
1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
2) Preoperational (2-7)
3) Concrete operational (7-11)
,4) Formal operational (11-adulthood)
How does Piaget think kids learn? Correct Ans-Children learn through active interaction and
manipulation of the environment.
What do Piaget's stages mean? Correct Ans-The stage the child is in determines how they
see the world. Piaget believed that all students pass through the stages in order and cannot skip
any stage.
Schemes Correct Ans-Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive structures that help
children process and organize information to make sense of the environment.
Assimilation Correct Ans-Understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
Accommodation Correct Ans-Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations in the
environment.
Adaptation Correct Ans-The process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment
through assimilation or accommodation. According to Piaget, this is how learning occurs.
Equilibration Correct Ans-The process of restoring balance between present understanding
and new experiences. According to Piaget, learning depends on this process so it is important
for teachers to confront students with new experiences or data to advance their cognitive
development.
Disequilibrium Correct Ans-An imbalance between what a child understands and what the
child encounters through new experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage Correct Ans-The earliest stage (0-2) of cognitive development during
which infants learn about the environment by using their senses and motor skills. Children
develop object permanence and progress from reflexive behavior to goal-directed behavior.
, Object Permanence Correct Ans-The fact that objects are physically stable and exist even
when the objects are not in the child's physical presence. This enables the child to start using
symbols to represent things in their minds so they can think about them.
Preoperational Stage Correct Ans-The second stage (2-7) of cognitive development in which
children learn to represent things in their mind. During this stage students develop the ability to
use symbols to represent objects in the world. Thinking remains egocentric and centered.
Egocentric Correct Ans-Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
Conservation Correct Ans-The concept that certain properties of an object remain the same
regardless of changes in other properties.
Centration Correct Ans-Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or situation; what is
commonly called tunnel vision.
Reversibility Correct Ans-The ability to perform a mental operation and then reverse thinking
to return to the starting point.
Class Inclusion Correct Ans-The ability to think simultaneously about a whole class of objects
and about relationships among subordinate classes; a framework for thinking.
Concrete Operational Stage Correct Ans-The third stage (7-11) of cognitive development in
which children develop the capacity for logical reasoning and understanding of conservation but
can use skills only in dealing with familiar situations. New abilities include operations that are
reversible. Thinking is decentered, allowing them to understand that others may have different
perceptions, and problem solving is less restricted by egocentrism. Abstract thinking is not
possible.
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