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TEXES PPR EC-12 (160)- Questions and Answers
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TEXES PPR EC-12 (160)- Questions and Answers
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TEXES PPR EC-12 (160)- Questions andAnswers
Reciprocity Correct Ans-A mental transformation that requires reversible thinking (mm).
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development Correct Ans-Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist,
developed a theory of cognitive development based on 2 key ideas. He proposed children
understand the world based on social interactions within their culture and the sign systems that
represent ideas. These systems include symbols used to think, solve problems, and
communicate. Vygotsky's theory highlights the socio-cultural nature of learning.
Self-regulation Correct Ans-According to Vygotsky's theory, self-regulation is the ability to
think and solve problems without the help of others. Learning is a social process and learning
occurs when self-regulation is achieved.
Sign Systems Correct Ans-Symbols that cultures create to help people think, solve problems,
and communicate.
Private Speech Correct Ans-Inner speech or children's self-talk that guides thinking and
actions; an important consideration in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.
Zone of Proximal Development Correct Ans-Level of development immediately above a
student's present level. The tasks within the zone of proximal development require assistance
from the teacher or a more knowledgeable other. Students cannot perform tasks alone within
the zone of proximal development. Activities within this zone are guided activities.
Scaffolding Correct Ans-Support for learning and problem solving that includes clues,
reminders, examples, or encouragement. Scaffolding allows a student to make a learning
connection and become independent as a learner.
,Cooperative Learning Correct Ans-Strategies in which students work together to help one
another learn by sharing perspectives and providing models of slightly advanced thinking.
Recency Effect Correct Ans-The tendency for learners to remember items at the end of a list
more easily than other items; remembering information at the end of a text or lesson.
Prior Knowledge Correct Ans-Knowledge about or experience with a topic that enables
connections for learning; a basis for comprehension or understanding.
Risk-free Environment Correct Ans-A classroom in which all learners feel their opinions and
contributions are valued.
Metacognition Correct Ans-Knowledge about one's own learning or about how to learn;
thinking about thinking.
Primacy Effect Correct Ans-The tendency of learners to remember items at the beginning of
a list more easily than other items; remembering information at the beginning of a text or
lesson.
Bloom's Taxonomy Correct Ans-An ordering of learning objectives or questions based on
levels of thinking from simple learning tasks to more complex. The levels of cognitive domain
include:
1. Knowledge
2. Comprehension
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Synthesis
6. Evaluation
, Transfer Correct Ans-The ability to apply learning in one area to learning in another area; the
effects learning in one area has on new learning or applications.
Positive Transfer Correct Ans-The ability to appropriately apply learning in one area to
another area; learning in one area enhances learning in new contexts.
Negative Transfer Correct Ans-Inappropriately applying learning in one area to learning in
another area. Learning in one area makes it more difficult or confusing to learn in another area.
Self-concept Correct Ans-One's perception of oneself; how one feels about self.
Self-efficacy Correct Ans-The belief that one is capable of accomplishing something.
Reliability Correct Ans-The consistency of test results over time. A reliable measure is one
that yields similar results time after time. When administered to the same type or level of
students under the same conditions.
Summative Assessment Correct Ans-Assessment data collected after instruction to evaluate
a students's mastery of the curriculum objectives and a teacher's effectiveness at instructional
delivery.
Validity Correct Ans-The truthfulness of the assessment information; a determination of how
closely a score report measures what it purports to measure. (Does it measure the content?)
Assessment Correct Ans-A measurement appraisal process that is ongoing, developmentally
appropriate, and dynamic; the process of gathering evidence of learning.
Evaluation Correct Ans-A formal measurement and judgment of student performance or
behavior.
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