MSN 570: Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam Study Guide with complete solutions.
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor refers to an increase
in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane).
In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed
crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells.
These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and represent a
rupture of the capsule.
Hemophilia An X-linked recessive disorder in which blood fails to
clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding if injured, can involve a
deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) a hypocoagulopathy
state resulting from the immune system destroying its own platelets
(autoimmunity).
Hemostasis to stop or control bleeding
sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor refers to glomerular scar
formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and
tubules, it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
,necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor refers to cellular death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy A common, nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
appearing by age 50.
Bladder cancer cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the
bladder; major sign is hematuria
Diagnostic procedures for hydronephrosis History
physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
Hydronephrosis An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the
calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) inherited disease in which sacs of
fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
, Renal cell carcinoma cancerous tumor that arises from kidney
tubule cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in adults (most
common in those 50-70 years of age).
Renal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms Hematuria
An abdominal renal mass that is firm
Abdominal flank pain described as dull and achy
Unexplained weight loss
Other symptoms may include scrotal varicoceles. If the inferior vena
cava is affected, then manifestations can include edema, ascites, and
hepatic problems.
Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer Painless hematuria that is
gross (i.e., visible) or microscopic. The hematuria is intermittent and
occurs throughout all of micturition as opposed to just the beginning.
Irritative symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria may be
present and occur due to detrusor overactivity, obstruction, or decrease
in bladder capacity.
Flank or abdominal pain (e.g., suprapubic) are usually signs of more
advanced cancer.
Exam Study Guide with complete solutions.
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor refers to an increase
in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane).
In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed
crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells.
These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and represent a
rupture of the capsule.
Hemophilia An X-linked recessive disorder in which blood fails to
clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding if injured, can involve a
deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) a hypocoagulopathy
state resulting from the immune system destroying its own platelets
(autoimmunity).
Hemostasis to stop or control bleeding
sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor refers to glomerular scar
formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and
tubules, it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
,necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor refers to cellular death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy A common, nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
appearing by age 50.
Bladder cancer cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the
bladder; major sign is hematuria
Diagnostic procedures for hydronephrosis History
physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
Hydronephrosis An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the
calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) inherited disease in which sacs of
fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
, Renal cell carcinoma cancerous tumor that arises from kidney
tubule cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in adults (most
common in those 50-70 years of age).
Renal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms Hematuria
An abdominal renal mass that is firm
Abdominal flank pain described as dull and achy
Unexplained weight loss
Other symptoms may include scrotal varicoceles. If the inferior vena
cava is affected, then manifestations can include edema, ascites, and
hepatic problems.
Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer Painless hematuria that is
gross (i.e., visible) or microscopic. The hematuria is intermittent and
occurs throughout all of micturition as opposed to just the beginning.
Irritative symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria may be
present and occur due to detrusor overactivity, obstruction, or decrease
in bladder capacity.
Flank or abdominal pain (e.g., suprapubic) are usually signs of more
advanced cancer.
