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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions

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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions...

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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 With Complete Solutions



Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER Body system responsible for maintaining
energy and body resources



sympathetic nervous system SNS- ANSWER body system that responds to the stress of
life by preparing the body for defense



how does the sympathetic nervous system SNS redistribute blood flow- ANSWER blood
flow to muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased



How do primary brain injuries categorize? ANSWER Focal or diffuse aka multifocal



focal brain injuries ANSWER discrete, observable lesions of the brain that result in a
defined area

Epidural and subdural hemorrhages



diffuse brain injuries ANSWER Include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis and damage to blood vessels

Brain is confined in a limited space, so increased pressure causes collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)



autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWER affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by
paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision,
sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion,
nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)



location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWER individual most likely
to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above

,sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ANSWER
bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia

Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. Intact ANS
reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Cerebral
vessels, carotid sinus and aorta baroreceptors sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS.
Heart rate slows but visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent
impulses cannot pass through cord



Alzheimer's disease - QUESTION leading cause of dementia and one of the most
common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults



what are the biggest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - QUESTION age, family history



what are the putative protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - QUESTION low calorie
diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity,
antioxidants, the presence of apoE2



what are genetic susceptibility tests used to screen for early-onset AD ANSWER PSEN 1
(presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2 and APP on chromosome 21



When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given ANSWER postmortem examination



what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke ANSWER hypertension (87% of
occurrences)



Identify common risk factors for stroke. ANS Arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM,
elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoproteina level,
hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid
stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy,
high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking,
lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation



which autoimmune disease usually presents 2-4 weeks after a bacterial/viral illness

, such as a respiratory or GI illness, like the flu - ANSWER Guillain-Barre syndrome



Describe the course of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ANSWER classic initial symptoms
include numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the extremities. Paresis/paralysis
can present in an ascending fashion



When can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre ANSWER - in 90% of cases
weakness usually plateaus or improves by the 4th week



Myasthenia Gravis ANSWER- a chronic autoimmune disease mediated by Ach receptor
antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction to prevent normal reception for
muscle contraction



myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations -ANSWER-exertional fatigue and weakness
that worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity

-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections

-diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies

-facial droop and an expressionless face; difficulty chewing and swallowing associated
with dietary changes and weight loss; drooling

-episodes of choking and aspiration



Graves disease - ANSWER Graves disease is due to autoantibodies that bind to the TSH
receptor sites. Hyperthyroidism results



acute pain - ANSWER an event; cause often known; less than 6 months duration; sudden
onset; clinical manifestations related to increased pulse rate, elevated bp, increased rr,
diaphoresis, and dilated pupils; prognosis is usually complete relief



low back pain - ANSWER most common chronic pain condition



chronic pain - ANSWER constant situation; cause may be unknown; can be sudden or

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