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Virology Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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Virology Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved What virus causes measles - paramyxovirus Does measles have a vaccine - Yes What are the 4 factors influencing virus infection - Age, General health and nutrition, Genetic factors, and Immunity What are innate defenses - Innate defenses provid...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Virology
  • Virology
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JOSHCLAY
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Virology Exam 2 Questions and Answers

100% Solved


What virus causes measles - ✔✔paramyxovirus

Does measles have a vaccine - ✔✔Yes

What are the 4 factors influencing virus infection - ✔✔Age, General health

and nutrition, Genetic factors, and Immunity

What are innate defenses - ✔✔Innate defenses provide broad, nonspecific

defense against andy pathogen (is immediate and effective against any

pathogen)

What is adaptive immunity - ✔✔Immune cells recognize and remember

specific pathogens (requires days to weeks to develop and is specific for

each particular virus)

What is the first line of defense that is in innate defenses - ✔✔Skin, mucus,

ear wax, tears, stomach acid, ciliated respiratory tract cells (Other defenses

include white blood cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer

cells)

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

What are macrophages - ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including viruses,

by phagocytosis, and present in tissues throughout the body

Activated macrophages produce ________ which trigger the hypothalamus

to produced prostaglandins (induce fever, an innate antiviral response) -

✔✔Pyrogens

What are dendritic cells - ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including viruses,

by phagocytosis. Are present in skin, mucus membranes, GI tract (process

viral antigens onto their cell surface for presentation to T helper cells)

What are natural killer cells - ✔✔Recognize and kill cells expressing viral or

tumor antigens

Activated natural killer cells release cytokines called ______ which causes

lethal pores in target cells - ✔✔Perforins

What is an interferon response - ✔✔cytokine is produced in virus infected

cells (attaches to neighboring cells inducing an antiviral state) does not

protect the cell that is infected, but rather protects the surrounding cells

How does interferon protect surrounding cells - ✔✔IFN released and binds

to receptor on uninfected neighboring cells. Antiviral proteins are induced

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

and expressed in cells. Upon viral infection, AVP degrade viral RNA and

inhibit protein synthesis stopping viral replication

Type 1 IFN pathway - ✔✔Induced antiviral proteins, RNAase L- degrades

viral and host cell RNA, protein kinase inhibits viral and host protein

synthesis

Synthetic IFN can be used for treatment of - ✔✔Chronic hepatitis B, AIDS,

Papillomaviruses, various cancers

________ congregate in the lymph nodes and exit through the outgoing

lymph vessels - ✔✔Lymphocytes

Where are B lymphocytes born and mature - ✔✔They are born and mature

in the bone marrow

Where are T lymphocytes mature - ✔✔They mature in the thymus gland

Plasma - ✔✔Fluid component of blood including clotting factors

Serum - ✔✔Fluid component of blood minus clotting factors (usually used

as a source for antibodies)

T-cell independent antibody response - ✔✔Receptors on B cells react with

a specific virus antigen, B cells are activated and mature into plasma cells,

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