NUR 303 Exam 2 Verified A+
Critical Thinking (Paul & Elder 2005) ️-A process by which the thinker improves the quality of her
thinking by taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon
them
Critical Thinkers.... ️-Raises questions/problems ...
Critical Thinking (Paul & Elder 2005) ✔️-A process by which the thinker improves the quality of her
thinking by taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon
them
Critical Thinkers.... ✔️-Raises questions/problems and formulates them clearly and precisely
-Gathers and assesses relevant information
-Uses abstract ideas for interpretation
-Develops conclusions that are well-reasoned, testing against relevant standards
-Is open-minded and recognizes alternative views
-Communicates effectively about solutions to complex problems
-What assumptions have I made about this patient?
-How do I know my assumptions are accurate?
-Do I need any additional information?
-How might I look at this situation differently? ✔️Critical thinking in Nursing involves four questions..
Patient & Family ✔️Critical thinking is driven by needs of
Practice ✔️Nurses' critical thinking ability improves with...
The Nursing Process (An Intellectual Standard) ✔️•is a method of clinical problem solving
-A designated series of actions intended to fulfill the purposes of nursing (Yura and Walsh, 1983)
•The cornerstone of nursing standards and practice
•Began to be articulated in 1960s, with the identification and naming of components of nursing's
intellectual processes
•1970s-1980s: Debate about development and use of nursing diagnosis
,-Human responses amenable to independent nursing intervention.
•National Group for the Classification of Nursing Diagnosis (1973) ✔️-First list of nursing diagnoses
-Now known as NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International) and is
international
HIPAA ✔️Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
•Phase 1: Assessment (Nursing Process) ✔️-Two types of data -
•Subjective patient data: Symptoms; Collected during interview
•Objective data through observation: Signs; Collected during assessment
•Data Sources
•Be aware of possible barriers to data collection
•Phase 2: Analysis and Identification of the Problem (Nursing Process) ✔️-Data must be validated and
compared to norms
-Data must be clustered and grouped to identify problems
-Observe relationships among pieces of data
-Use of nursing diagnosis and prioritizing nursing diagnosis
•Problem (NANDA Dx)
•Etiology (Related to)
•Signs and Symptoms (AEB, AMB)
•Then prioritize it
-Danger to patient (ABCs)
-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ✔️Writing a Nursing Diagnosis
•Phase 3: Planning (Nursing Process) ✔️-Identify patient goals (objectives); short & long term
•What the pt will do
, •Measureable
•Conditions
•Specific time frame to accomplish
-Determine ways to meet them
•Use patient goals and outcomes statements
•Select among three types of interventions (nursing orders)
-Independent, dependent, interdependent
•Write the Plan of Care
•Phase 4: Implementation of Planned Interventions (Nursing Process) ✔️-Implementation is the actual
carrying out of orders
-Must be done in an orderly and competent manner
-Continually assess the patient as implementation progresses
-Documentation of nursing actions is an essential and integral part of the implementation phase
-Measures progress against goals and outcome criteria to determine whether problem is:
•Resolved
•In the process of being resolved, or
•Unresolved
-Evaluation is critical; identifies changes that need to be made to resolve the problem or meet
outcomes/goals
The nursing process is dynamic ✔️•continually moving from one phase to another and then beginning
the process again.
•Sound clinical judgment: ✔️-Consists of informed opinions and decisions
-Based on empirical knowledge and experience
-Best way to develop it..........extensive direct patient contact
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