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Aantekeningen Kindermishandeling en Verwaarlozing over de Levensloop: een Introductie - Leiden University - 2024/2025
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InhoudHoorcolllege 1: Introductie (10-09) ......................................................................................................... 5
Leerdoelen ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Literatuur ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Waarom is dit belangrijk? .................................................................................................................... 5
Geschiedenis ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Vroege verwijzingen kindermishandeling ....................................................................................... 5
Ontstaan kinderbescherming .......................................................................................................... 5
Battered child syndrome (artikel Kempe, 1962) .............................................................................. 6
Definities.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Overzicht.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Subtypes .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Comorbiditeit ................................................................................................................................ 12
Hoorcollege 2: Verklaringsmodellen (11-09) ......................................................................................... 13
Literatuur ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Ecologisch-transactioneel model....................................................................................................... 13
Belsky: ecologisch model............................................................................................................... 13
Transactioneel model .................................................................................................................... 13
Ecologisch-transactioneel model................................................................................................... 14
Evolutionair perspectief..................................................................................................................... 17
Wetenschappelijk bewijs ............................................................................................................... 17
Sociaal leren theorie .......................................................................................................................... 18
Family stress model ........................................................................................................................... 18
Family investment model .................................................................................................................. 18
Sociale informatieverwerkingstheorie .............................................................................................. 21
Artikel Milner, 1993 ....................................................................................................................... 21
Hoorcollege 3: Prevalentie en risicofactoren (17-09) ............................................................................ 26
Prevalentie en incidentie ................................................................................................................... 26
Hoe bereken je incidentie? ............................................................................................................ 26
Hoe bereken je prevalentie?.......................................................................................................... 26
Hoe vaak komt kindermishandeling voor in Nederland? .................................................................. 27
Veilig thuis ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Dataverwerking ............................................................................................................................. 29
Typen kindermishandeling ............................................................................................................ 30
Aantallen typen kindermishandeling............................................................................................. 30
, Vergelijking over de jaren .............................................................................................................. 31
Kindermishandeling tijdens de eerste lockdown .............................................................................. 31
Hoe vaak komt kindermishandeling voor in de wereld? ................................................................... 32
Artikel Stoltenborgh: meta-analyses ............................................................................................. 32
Invloed op prevalentieschatting .................................................................................................... 34
Risicofactoren voor kindermishandeling ........................................................................................... 36
Risicofactoren versus verklaringen ................................................................................................ 36
Model van Belsky........................................................................................................................... 36
Risicofactoren NPM-studie ............................................................................................................ 37
Risicofactoren verwaarlozing......................................................................................................... 39
Risicofactoren kind: ....................................................................................................................... 40
Hoorcollege 4: Kindermishandeling en geneeskunde(18-09) ............................................................... 41
Achtergrond ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Wat is kindermishandeling? .......................................................................................................... 41
Voorbeelden ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Algemeen....................................................................................................................................... 42
Specifiek letsel ............................................................................................................................... 46
Casus uit de praktijk .......................................................................................................................... 48
Acties bij vermoeden van kindermishandeling ................................................................................. 48
Hoorcollege 5: Meetmethoden / inschatten risico’s (24-09)................................................................. 51
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Literatuur ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Meten van kindermishandeling in de wetenschap ........................................................................... 51
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Type informant en instrument ...................................................................................................... 51
Retrospectief / prospectief ............................................................................................................ 54
Conclusie ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Meten van kindermishandeling in de praktijk ................................................................................... 54
Oordeel over kindermishandeling in NL ........................................................................................ 54
Meldcode ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Risicotaxatie-instrumenten............................................................................................................ 56
Het oordeel door de professional.................................................................................................. 56
Conclusie ....................................................................................................................................... 60
Hoorcollege 6: Partnergeweld en vrouwenopvang (08-10) .................................................................. 61
Literatuur ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Partnergeweld ................................................................................................................................... 61
, Typen partnergeweld..................................................................................................................... 61
Mannen versus vrouwen ............................................................................................................... 62
Intergenerationele overdracht ...................................................................................................... 62
Gevolgen voor kinderen .................................................................................................................... 63
Gevolgen van getuigen zijn van geweld tussen ouders (artikel Kitzmann) ................................... 63
Langetermijngevolgen (artikel Lee) ............................................................................................... 63
De beleving van kinderen .............................................................................................................. 64
Opvoedgedrag als mechanisme .................................................................................................... 64
Rol van jeugdtrauma’s en psychopathologie van de ouder ........................................................... 65
Beschermende factoren ................................................................................................................ 66
Blijf Groep (gastcollege)..................................................................................................................... 66
Wat is Blijf Groep? ......................................................................................................................... 66
Huiselijk geweld ............................................................................................................................. 67
Werken aan veiligheid ................................................................................................................... 68
Voorbeelden uit de praktijk ........................................................................................................... 68
Hoorcollege 7: Seksueel misbruik (09-10) ............................................................................................. 70
Seksueel geweld ................................................................................................................................ 70
Cijfers en feiten .............................................................................................................................. 70
Gevolgen ........................................................................................................................................ 71
Wat is Centrum Seksueel Geweld? .................................................................................................... 74
Hoe werkt het? .............................................................................................................................. 74
Wat je als professional kunt doen ................................................................................................. 76
Hoorcollege 8: Preventie (15-10)........................................................................................................... 77
Achtergrond preventie KM ................................................................................................................ 77
Interventies.................................................................................................................................... 77
Universele en selectieve preventie (niveaus 1 en 2) ......................................................................... 81
Geïndiceerde preventie en interventies bij vroege signalen (niveaus 3 en 4) .................................. 83
VoorZorg ........................................................................................................................................ 83
Opvoedproblemen ........................................................................................................................ 85
Hulpverlening en/of bescherming (niveau 5) .................................................................................... 85
Families First .................................................................................................................................. 86
MST-CAN (multisysteemtherapie – Child Abuse and Neglect) ...................................................... 86
Effect uithuisplaatsing (UHP) ......................................................................................................... 87
Verantwoordelijkheid gemeentes ................................................................................................. 87
Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................... 88
Hoorcollege 9: Intergenerationele overdracht en Veilig Thuis (16-10) ................................................. 89
, Intergenerationele overdracht .......................................................................................................... 89
Wat is intergenerationele overdracht van KM? ............................................................................. 89
Welk bewijs is er voor intergenerationele overdracht van KM? ................................................... 90
Waarom is er intergenerationele overdracht van KM? ................................................................. 92
Conclusie ....................................................................................................................................... 97
Veilig Thuis ......................................................................................................................................... 97
Hoorcollege 10: Perspectief van het kind (23-10) ............................................................................... 101
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