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BIO 116 Lab Final Exam Study Guide

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BIO 116 Lab Final Exam Study Guide Accuracy (Lab 4) - Ans:-measuring and dispensing the correct volume Precision (Lab 4) - Ans:-getting the correct volume to the correct, exact location Transgenic Crop - Ans:-Genetic material is transferred between 2 different species to achieve a desired trait...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BIO 116
  • BIO 116
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GraceAmelia
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BIO 116 Lab Final Exam Study Guide


Accuracy (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-measuring and dispensing the correct volume


Precision (Lab 4) - Ans:✔✔-getting the correct volume to the correct, exact location


Transgenic Crop - Ans:✔✔-Genetic material is transferred between 2 different species to achieve a

desired trait


Gene of interest - Ans:✔✔-yields desired characteristic


Promoter - Ans:✔✔-noncoding segment of DNA upstream of the gene of interest; tells RNA polymerase

where to start transcription


Genetic marker - Ans:✔✔-used to identify modified cells


Basic Steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Ans:✔✔-Denature protein with heat --> cool sample to allow

short, complementary DNA primers to anneal target DNA --> Heat to optimal temperature for the

enzyme DNA polymerase to copy DNA template


How does gel electrophoresis works? - Ans:✔✔-Agarose gel placed in buffer solution with electrical

current • DNA travels towards positive pole



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Will shorter or longer DNA strands move further in gel electrophoresis? - Ans:✔✔-shorter


What enzymes are required for PCR to work? - Ans:✔✔-DNA primers, DNA polymerase, DNA nucleotides


Identify the correct sequence of PCR steps to complete a single cycle - Ans:✔✔-Denature, anneal

primers, extend primers


The stages of PCR mimic which cellular process? - Ans:✔✔-DNA replication


What is the optimal temperature for the function of DNA polymerase used in PCR? - Ans:✔✔-72 C


DNA has an overall _____ charge - Ans:✔✔-negative


Agarose gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by - Ans:✔✔-polarity


During electrophoresis, DNA will travel toward - Ans:✔✔-positive electrode


When you examine your gel following electrophoresis, any wild type sample should have ___ bands, and

genetically modified samples should have ___ bands. - Ans:✔✔-1, 2


When an organism is genetically modified, the ________ of interest is interested into the circular DNA of

a _______________ which then infects the organism. - Ans:✔✔-gene, bacteria


Why do we need two different primers in the PCR reaction to amplify a specific product? - Ans:✔✔-one

primer attaches to the top strand of DNA and one attaches to the bottom strand. This allows to the



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exponential amplification of the DNA sequence, allowing us to produce 2^35 times the amount of DNA.

This would not be possible with one primer.


What would happen if you only add one primer to your reaction? - Ans:✔✔-it would be at a much slower

pace than when we add two primers.


What is the purpose of the Discussion section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the discussion

section of a lab report is to interpret your results and state whether or not if they support your

hypothesis. It's important to explain how your results relate to previous studies and to discuss the

implications of your results. The discussion section can all suggest improvements on the experimental

design for future studies.


What is the purpose of the Introduction section of a lab report? - Ans:✔✔-The purpose of the

introduction section of a lab report is to provide background information and context for the study. It's

important to explain the hypothesis and/or question being investigated to show that you understand

how your study relates to the objectives and concepts of the lab and to current scientific research.


You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it, but does not have as many

branches as you want. How can you prune it in order to increase the number of branches? - Ans:✔✔-Cut

off the tips of the main shoots


Which statement BEST describes how plant hormones interact? - Ans:✔✔-The effect of a specific plant

hormone is dependent not only on its concentration in a particular tissue, but the concentration of other

plant hormones in that tissue as well

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