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FINAL bio 252 Exam Questions and Answers
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FINAL bio 252 Exam Questions and Answers digestive tract (aka GI tract) - Ans:-Covering an internal lumen (which is actually "outside" the body) The disassembly line of our body accessory digestive organs - Ans:-Teeth, pancreas, assisting in mechanical and chemical digestion Which of the follo...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 47
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • final bio 252 exam questions and answers

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  • BIO 252
  • BIO 252

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




FINAL bio 252 Exam Questions and
Answers


digestive tract (aka GI tract) - Ans:✔✔-Covering an internal lumen (which is actually "outside" the body)


The disassembly line of our body


accessory digestive organs - Ans:✔✔-Teeth, pancreas, assisting in mechanical and chemical digestion


Which of the following best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? - Ans:✔✔-Connects the

mouth to the stomach and has no role in chemical digestion


It's role is just propulsion


3 roles of the stomach - Ans:✔✔-1. Storage facility. Most digestion happens in the small intestine so we

just don't have enough room so we need to store in in stomach


2. Disassembly. First step in digestion of proteins. It's not essential, but it's difficult without it.


3. Defense. Acidic environment gets rid of pathogens.


rugae - Ans:✔✔-These are the foldings inside the stomach that allow the stomach to expand and then it

makes it so it doesn't tear apart when it stretches

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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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fundus - Ans:✔✔-store room in the stomach where some of the food waits until we can deal with it.


3 smooth muscle layers in the stomach - Ans:✔✔-Longitudinal muscle most external


Circular muscle within that


And then most deep, oblique muscle


The cells lining the stomach secrete mucin (mucous)


The lining is dotted with millions of gastric pits


What structural modification underlies the stomach's ability to mechanically digest food? - Ans:✔✔-The

stomach has an extra group of muscles called the oblique muscles that are responsible for the churning

and mechanical digestion of food


chyme - Ans:✔✔-Gastric juice + digestive food


either delivered in small amounts to the duodenum or forced backward into the stomach for further

mixing


The curious case of Alexis St Martin - Ans:✔✔-Dr. William Beaumont


In michigan, wanted to study the stomach and body


Alexis St Martin was shot and it went through left part of body. Went through stomach and out



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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Took different types of food and tied it to a string and put it in his stomach and waited and took it out to

see if it was digested or not.


Mucous neck cells - Ans:✔✔-in the gastric glands.


Secrete a thin mucous layer


Parietal cells - Ans:✔✔-in the gastric glands. Secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid


Intrinsic factor has nothing to do with stomach. Really is just important protein that has receptors on

walls of small intestine that binds to essential vitamin (B12) because it can't be digested by itself


There is a sublingual supplement (put it under your tongue)


This lets you absorb B12 directly into the capillaries in the bottom of your mouth


Chief cells - Ans:✔✔-in the gastric glands. Secrete pepsinogen. This gets modified and becomes an active

enzyme. Becomes an enzyme in an acidic environment called pepsin. Pepsin can do digestion of proteins.

Acidic environment comes from HCL from parietal cells


HCL assists in pepsin synthesis and activity


Breaking down cell walls of plant foods


Defense against pathogens


gastric juice - Ans:✔✔-Mucus, HCL, pepsinogen

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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Secreted to the lumen


Enteroendocrine cells - Ans:✔✔-G cells: Gastrin


Gastrin will go back and promote secretion of gastric juice


How does gastrin from the bottom make it to parietal cells and chief cells? - Ans:✔✔-Gastrin is a protein

that serves as a hormone so it goes through the blood vessels.


Dave Barnes had agonizing pain in his abdomen, followed by heartburn and vomiting. The doctor told

him he has a gastric ulcer in his stomach, caused by the Helicobacter bacteria. It is most likely that the

bacteria: - Ans:✔✔-Penetrated the mucus layer of the stomach


enteric system - Ans:✔✔-Part of autonomic nervous system


From the gut


Acts as an independent system. More neurons here than in whole spinal cord


All local reflexes


The nervous system of the stomach


Long reflexes (interacts with the brain)


Parasympathetic. Medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion and vagus nerve goes all the way down to

the stomach

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