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BIOL 252 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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BIOL 252 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Central Nervous System - Ans:-"general" of the body; integration of sensory input and origin of motor responses • brain • spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System - Ans:-body; sensory input and motor output • nerves • sensory receptor...

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  • October 23, 2024
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BIOL 252 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions


Central Nervous System - Ans:✔✔-"general" of the body; integration of sensory input and origin of

motor responses


• brain


• spinal cord


Peripheral Nervous System - Ans:✔✔-body; sensory input and motor output


• nerves


• sensory receptors


• motor neurons


sensory receptors - Ans:✔✔-Afferent neurons → Admit signals




differentiated based on location


Page 1/70

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• somatic


• visceral


somatic sensory receptors - Ans:✔✔-receptors and neurons that are located in the skin, skeletal muscle,

joints


visceral sensory receptors - Ans:✔✔-receptors and neurons that are located in internal organs


motor neurons - Ans:✔✔-Efferent neurons → Exit/Effect signals




- differentiated not based on location, but rather on the target organs


• somatic nervous system


• autonomic nervous system


somatic nervous system - Ans:✔✔-system of neurons that enervate skeletal muscles


autonomic nervous system - Ans:✔✔-system of neurons that enervate smooth and cardiac muscles;

glands


Santiago Ramon y Cajal - Ans:✔✔-discovered the neuron using a modification of Golgi's staining method

that allowed Cajal to see the minutia of neurons and draw their anatomy



Page 2/70

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basic structure of a neuron - Ans:✔✔-- soma


- dendrites


- axon hillock


- axon


- myelin


- terminal arbor


- terminal buttons


soma - Ans:✔✔-cell body


- can receive inputs


dendrites - Ans:✔✔-branching from the cell body of the neuron which have the major function of

receiving inputs




*D*endrite → *D*ownload


axon hillock - Ans:✔✔-hump on the soma of a neuron from which the axon of the neuron extends




Page 3/70

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




axon - Ans:✔✔-long singular stalk extending from the soma of the neuron which creates action

potentials and sends inputs to other neurons




*A*xon → *A*way


myelin - Ans:✔✔-insulation present on some axons of the nervous system (not present on all axons);

whitish fatty segmented sheath around mot long (NOT ALL) axons that increase the speed of nerve

impulse transmission


- cell has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath


- ONLY on axons (NOT dendrites, soma, etc.) but not all axons


- made from Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)


- rather than one long piece of insulation, is multiple small pieces of insulation


-- nodes of ranvier


nodes of ranvier - Ans:✔✔-areas of the axon that is not covered in myelin, occurs between cells of

myelin


terminal arbor - Ans:✔✔-fine branching at the end of the axon




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