Exam (elaborations)
EEG FINAL EXAM (END 201, 202, and 203) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
EEG FINAL EXAM (END 201, 202, and 203) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
EEG FINAL EXAM (END 201, 202, and203) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THE iiELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM ii(EEG) ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiPrimary iineurodiagnostic
iitool
o iiA iivisible iirecording iiof iithe iiamplified iielectrical iiactivity iigenerated iiby iithe iinerve
iicells iiof iithe iibrain
-Electro ii-electrical
-Encephalo ii-brain
-Gram ii-picture
o iiReferences iito iiEEG
-Electroencephalograph ii-the iimachine iithat iirecords iibrain iiactivity
-Electroencephalogram ii-the iirecord iiproduced iiby iithe iiElectroencephalograph
-Electroencephalography ii-the iirecording iiof iibrain iiactivity ii
o iiDiffers iifrom iiother iibrain iitests
-EEG iishows iibrain iiphysiology
-CT iiscans iiand iiMRI iishow iibrain iianatomy
Founding iiFathers iiof iiNeurological iiTesting ii- iiAnswers ii-o ii1875 ii- iiRichard iiCaton
iirecords iithe iifirst iielectrical iiactivity iiof iia iibrain iifrom iianimals
o ii1890 ii- iiAdolf iiBeck iiidentified iithe iilocalization iiof iisenses iion iithe iibrain iiwith iievoked
iipotentials ii
o ii1929 ii- iiHans iiBerger iiidentifies iithe ii1st iirecording iiof iithe iielectric iifield iiof iithe
iihuman iibrain
-Berger iiis iiknown iias iithe ii'Father iiof iiEEG'
o ii1951 ii- iiGeorge iiD. iiDawson iidemonstrated iithe iievoked iipotential iiof iian iiulnar iinerve
Evolution iiof iineurological iitesting ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiElectroencephalogram ii(EEG) ii
-First iirecorded iibrain iiactivity iiin iihumans iiin ii1924 iiusing iia iigalvanometer iidesigned iifor
iielectrocardiograms
o iiEvoked iiPotentials ii(EP)
-An iiexpansion iiof iiEEG iithat iirecords iithe iibrain's iiresponse iito iiexternal iistimuli iiof iithe
iinervous iisystem ii
o iiFar iiField iiPotential ii(FFP)
-An iiexpansion iiof iiEvoked iiPotential iithat iirecords iithe iideep iibrain iiresponse iito
iiexternal iistimuli ii
o iiDigitalization iiof iiNeurologic iiTesting
-The iiintroduction iiof iiCT iiscans iiand iiMRI iito iishow iibrain iianatomy iiin iithe ii1970's
-Electroencephalographs iimove iifrom iianalog iito iidigital iirecordings iiin iithe ii1980s
Diagnostic iitests iithat iievolved iifrom iithe iiEEG ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiEvoked iiPotentials ii
,-Record iithe iibrain's iielectrical iiresponse iito iimotor iiand iisensory iistimuli
-Created iiby iiextracting iithe iiEvoked iiPotential iiduring iian iiongoing iiEEG iivia
iiphotographic iisummation
o iiTypes iiof iiEvoked iiPotentials iiinclude:
-Visual iiEvoked iiPotential ii(VEP) ii
•Records iithe iibrain's iiresponse iito iivisual iistimuli iivia iithe iiOptic iiTract
-Brainstem iiAuditory iiEvoked iiPotential ii(BAEP)
•Records iithe iibrain's iiresponse iito iiauditory iistimuli iivia iithe iiAuditory iiTract
-Somatosensory iiEvoked iiPotential ii(SSEP)
•Records iithe iibrain's iiresponse iito iiexternal iistimuli iivia iithe iiPeripheral iiNervous
iiSystem
The iievolution iiof iithe iiEEG iifrom iianalog iito iidigital ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiAnalog iiEEG
-Recorded iion iipaper iiusing iipens iiand iiink
-Required iifrequent iimaintenance ii(i.e. iipaper, iiink, iicalibration) iito iiobtain iia iirecording
-Required iicontinuous iimonitoring iiby iian iiEEG iiTechnician
-EEG iiRecords iiwere iiat iia iiminimum ii120 iipages iilong ii
o iiDigital iiEEG
-Uses iicomputer iitechnology iito iirecord iiand iisave iirecords
-Records iiare iiable iito iibe iiviewed iiin iidifferent iiformats
-Allows iifor iicontinuous iirecordings iiwithout iian iiEEG iiTechnician
-Recordings iican iibe iiaccessed iiremotely iiby iiphysicians iiglobally
-Computer iidata iianalysis iienables iiadditional iiinsights iiwhich iimay iihave iinot iibeen
iipreviously iiidentified
EEG iiis iia iibrain iifunction iidiagnostic iitest iithat iiprovides iivaluable iiinformation iito iiother
iineurological iifields ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiNeurologists
-Helps iiidentify iiseizures, iiencephalopathies, iitumors, iisleep iidisorders, iibrain iiinjuries,
iietc.
oNeurosurgeons
-Used iito iimonitor iipatients iibefore, iiafter, iiand iiduring iisurgeries
o iiPsychiatrists
-Helps iito iidetermine iiif iithe iicause iiof iia iipatient's iiproblems iiare iineurological
DIGITAL iiEEG ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiDigital iiEEG iiis iiproviding iithe iitech ii& iiphysician iiwith
iigreater iiflexibility iiin iithe iirecording ii& iiinterpretation iiof iithe iiEEG
o iiThe iifollowing iiguidelines iiare iiin iia iiformat iithat iiexamines iithe iiessential
iicharacteristics iiof iidigital iiEEG iisystems
Acquisitions ii- iiAnswers ii-•EEG iiAmplifiers:
ii-A iiminimum iiof ii25 iielectrode iiinputs ii(21 iion iithe iiscalp, iiground, iireference ii& ii2 iiextra)
iiare iirecommended iiand iiideally, ii32 iielectrode iiinputs ii(9 iiextra iielectrodes) iishould iibe
iiavailable iiwhen iirecording
Analog iito iidigital iiconversion: ii- iiAnswers ii-•Horizontal iiresolution ii-a iisampling iirate iiof
ii3 iitimes iithe iihighest iifrequency iibeing iirecorded iias iirecommended
,ii•Vertical iiresolution ii-a iiresolution iiof ii16 iibits iior iihigher iiis iipreferred iifor iiprecision
Disk iispace: ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iidata iiis iicompressed iion iiacquisition ii& iiallows iiapprox.
ii24 iihours iiof iiEEG iidata iito iibe iistored iion iia ii1-gigabyte iihard iidrive
Screen ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iiminimum iirecommended iisize iifor iithe iidisplay iiscreen iiis ii17"
iiwith iispecifications iiof ii100 iipixels iiper iisecond ii& iia iivertical iiresolution iiminimum iiof ii2
iipixels iiper iimillimeter
References ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iireference iielectrode iican iibe iiany iielectrode iiplaced iion
iithe iiscalp iithat iiis iinot iipart iiof iithe ii10-20 iisystem iiof iielectrodes
ii•Should iibe iiplated iiin iia iilocation iinot iisusceptible iito iiartifact
Montage ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iidigital iisystem iishould iihave iithe iiability iito iidisplay iia
iiminimum iiof ii25 iichannels iiof iireformatted iiEEG
•The iiability iito iire-montage iiafter iirecording iithe iiEEG iiis iione iiof iithe iigreatest
iiadvantages iiof iirecording iidigitally
Amplitude ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iiuse iiof iirecording iidynamic iirange iiof ii+/-2 iimV iiis
iirecommended ii
•When iiviewing iithe iidata, iithe iidisplay iigain/display iisensitivity iican iibe iiadjusted iito
iiachieve iithe iibest iivisual iipresentation iion iithe iimonitor iifor iiinterpretation iiof iithe iiactivity
Filters ii- iiAnswers ii-•The iiEEG iidata iiare iiacquired ii& iistored iito iidisk iiwith iia iiwide
iibandpass iiof ii0.1-100 iiHz
•This iiallows iithe iidata iito iibe iire-filtered iifor iiviewing iiat iia iialter iitime iiusing ii& iifiler
iisetting iiwithin iithis iibandpass
Calibrations ii- iiAnswers ii-Digital iicalibration iiof iithe iianalog iito iidigital iiconverter ii(ADC)
iishould iibe iiperformed
Activation iiProcedures ii- iiAnswers ii-The iisystem iishould iiprovide iifor iihyperventilation ii&
iipost iiHv iicomments iias iiwell iias iia iitimer. iiAvailable iistimulation iifrequencies iishould
iirange iifrom ii0.5-30 iiHz
Online iirecord iireview ii- iiAnswers ii-The iidigital iisystem iishould iiinclude iithe iicapability iito
iireview iian iiearlier iisection iiof iithe iiEEG iirecording iiwhile iithe iiacquisition iior iireal-time
iicontinues
Analysis ii- iiAnswers ii-•Retrospective iifiltering ii& iidisplay iisensitivity:
-Filter iisettings iishould iioffer iia iirange iiof ii0.1-100 iiHz iifor iidisplay iion iithe iimonitor
•Simultaneous iidisplay:
-The iiability iito iisimultaneously iicompare ii2 iisegments iifrom iiwithin iithe iisame
iirecordings
•Storage iiretrieval
, -Compressed iidata iifiles iiare iidesirable iifor iiarchiving iibecause ii3 iitimes iithe iinumber iiof
iipatient iistudies iican iibe iistored iion ii1 iidisk
-A iilocal iiarea iinetwork ii(LAN) iibetween iithe iirecording iiinstrument ii& iithe iireading
iistation iiis iirecommended
Specifications ii- iiAnswers ii-•Number iiof iichannels: iiminimum iiof ii25, ii32
•Input iiimpedance: iigreater iithan ii10 iimega iiohms
•Sampling iirate: iiminimum iiof ii200 iiHz, ii250-400Hz
•Amplifier iidynamic iirange: iigreater iithan ii+/-2 iimV
•High iifilter: ii15, ii30, ii70, ii100 iiHz
•Low iifilter: ii0.16, ii0.5, ii1.6, ii5, ii10 iiHz
•Sensitivity: ii1, ii1.5, ii2, ii3, ii7, ii10, ii15, ii20, ii30, ii50, ii70, ii100mV/mm
•Display iipaper iispeed: ii1, ii2, ii5, ii10, ii15, ii20, ii30, ii60 iisecs
Advantages iito iidigital iiEEG ii- iiAnswers ii--Enhanced iiopportunities iifor iithe iianalysis iiof
iithe iiEEG
-The iicapability iifor iipost-collection iireformatting/remontaging
-The iiopportunity iito iiperform iipost-collection iifilter, iipaper iispeed ii& iisensitivity
iiadjustments
-The iireduced iicost iiof iioperation
-Easy iirecord iiretrieval
-Allows iifor iithe iienhanced iilocalization iiof iiactivity ii& iithe iiability iito iireformat iito iian
iielectronic iireference
Cautions iito iidigital iiEEG ii- iiAnswers ii--Artifacts iican iidisrupt iithe iisystem iireference,
iiresulting iiin iiloss iiof iiinformation iior iicorruption iiof iiall iidata
-Inadequate iisampling iirates
-Distortion iiof iiwaveforms
-High iifrequency iiactivity iican iiappear iiless
Dipole iiLocalization ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiDipole iifield iidistribution ii- iiis iithe iipotential iifield
iiwhich iispreads iibetween iithe iielectrical iisource iiand iithe iipick iiup iielectrode iivia iivolume
iiconduction
o iiBased iion iifollowing iitwo iiprinciples:
ii-One iiis iithat iithe iicurrent iiflows iifrom iia iipositive iisource iito iia iinegative iisource,
iicreating iipositive iiand iinegative iifields iion iithe iirecording
ii-By iimeasuring iithe iicurrent iivalues iiat iia iiminimum iiof iithree iisites iiin iithree-
dimensional iispheres iiit iican iiestimate iithe iilocation iiof iithe iicurrent iisource iiof iiactivity
o iiDisadvantages ii
ii-Measured iiactivity iiis iiattenuated iiand iidistorted iiby iiintervening iitissue ii(CSF, iiskull,
iiand iiscalp) iibetween iithe iielectrode iiand iithe iicortex
ii-Head iishapes iiare iinot iiexactly iispherical iiand iihave iiunique iivariations
Magnetoencephalography ii(MEG) ii- iiAnswers ii-o iiMagnetic iifields iithat iiare iicreated iiby
iicurrent iiflow iiover iithe iicortex iiare iimeasured iiby iimagnetoencephalography
ii-This iiis iidone iiusing iimagnetic iisensors iiplaced iiover iithe iihead
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82292 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now