Exam (elaborations)
NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
- Course
- Institution
NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
[Show more]
Content preview
NUR 339 Exam 21. Homeostasis
level of constancy maintained by body during time of change
2. Control Systems
used to maintain homeostasis—the human body has thou- sands of intricate control systems
Examples
Temperature control, blood glucose control, BP control, fluid balance
3. Feedback mechanisms/loops
-Self-regulating mechanisms which control homeostasis
-3 components
Sensor mechanism - senses disruption in homeostasis
Control center - regulates response in the body, regulated in CNS Effector mechanism - acts to
restore homeostasis.
4. Negative vs positive feedback
-Negative reverses the original change; positive increases the original change.
Negative ex. --> increased blood sugar, increased blood osmolarity (dehydration) Positive ex. --
> labor contractions. Uncommon feedback loop
5. Adaptation
,Ability to respond and maintain stability during rapidly changing conditions in internal and
external environment.
Responses are efficient and effective.
Ex. CHF. Short term response --> Elevates BP, HR, retain fluid. Long term response
--> heart vessel enlarge
6. Stress response
Stress is a state manifested by a specific syndrome of the body developed in response to any
stimuli that made an intense systemic demand on it.
Stressor = event or agent responsible for initiating stress response
When stress occurs, individuals react by either adapting successfully or by failing to adapt
7. Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) --> Alarm stage
Alarm stage
Body senses stress, CNS is aroused, body releases chemicals to initiate fight-or-flight
Chemicals released
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol
S/S
increased HR & SV, increased mental acuity, sweaty, shaky, dilated pupils, increased RR
, 8. Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) --> Resistance stage
Resistance stage
Body responds to stressor and attempts to return to homeostasis, utilizes coping mechanisms
Chemicals released
cortisol, glucagon, thyroid hormone, aldosterone S/S
Decreased lymphocytes, immune suppression can result in infection
9. Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) --> Exhaustion stage
Occurs if stressor is prolonged or overwhelms ability of body to defend itself.
Resources are depleted and signs of systemic damage appear. Severe immunodeficiency due to
prolonged stress.
End-organ dysfunction (renal failure, heart failure) due to prolonged stress & SNS stimulation.
Onset of disease.
10. Adaptive (positive) vs. maladaptive (negative) responses
Adaptive re- sponses
regulate blood glucose, fluid balance, temp control, cardiac output
Maladaptive responses
PTSD, alcoholism, depressive disorders, hypertension, gastric issues, headaches, insomnia
11. Examples of stressors
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gradexam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82215 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
