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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INCLUDED
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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INCLUDED
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NUR 339 Exam 41. What is homeostasis?
Answer
level of constancy maintained by body during time of change
2. What are used to maintain homeostasis?
Answer
control systems (there are thou- sands in the body)
3. What is an example of a control system?
Answer
blood glucose
4. What are feedback mechanisms?
Answer
self-regulating mechanisms which control homeostasis
5. What are the 3 components of feedback mechanisms?
Answer
sensor mechanism, control center, effector mechanism
6. What does the sensor mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do?
Answer
senses disruption
7. What does the control center component of the feedback mechanism do?-
Answer
regulates response of the body (usually through the CNS)
8. What does the effector mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do?
,Answer
acts to restore homeostasis (the sympathetic nervous system is an effector mechanism)
9. What does negative feedback do?
Answer
When a function increases or decreases, feedback causes opposite action and stops action when
function returned to normal (corrects deficit in system)
10. What are examples of negative feedback loops?
Answer
increased blood sugar, increased blood osmolarity
11. What does a positive feedback loop do?
Answer
takes original response and exag- gerates it (these are rare)
12. What is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Answer
intensification of contrac- tions during labor caused by increased oxytocin
13. What are the 3 structures of the brain responsible for homeostasis?
Answer
-
medulla oblongata, pituitary gland, reticular formation
14. What does the medulla oblongata do for homeostasis?
Answer
controls vital func- tions such as circulation and respiration
15. What does the pituitary gland do for homeostasis?
Answer
controls function of other endocrine glands which regulates growth, reproduction and
maturation
, 16. What does the reticular formation do for homeostasis?
Answer
network which regulates vital reflexes of CV and respiratory function
17. What is the key to adaptation?
Answer
responses are efficient and effective (short term rather than long-term)
18. What does a maladaptive stress response cause?
Answer
disease
19. What are the 3 stages of Selye's GAS syndrome?
Answer
Alarm stage, resistance, exhaustion or recovery
20. What chemicals are released during the Alarm stage?
Answer
catecholamines and cortisol
21. What happens during the alarm stage?
Answer
generalized stimulation of SNS and HPA axis, the body senses stress, CNS is aroused, body
releases chemicals to initiate fight-or-flight response, activation of defensive abilities
22. What are manifestations of the alarm stage?
Answer
increased heart rate, de- creased stroke volume, dilated pupils, sweaty palms, increased mental
acuity
23. What happens during the resistance stage?
Answer
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