What is the relationship between observational studies and experimental studies in the
hierarchy of evidence?
A. Experimental Studies provide higher evidence
B. Observational studies provide higher evidence
C. They have equal levels in the hierarchy
A. Experimental Studies provide higher evidence
Inferential statistics describe the shape and scale of a single group
A. True
B. False
B. False
What type of data is associated with ranks?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
B. ordinal
Which of the following are typically targeted by cross sectional studies?
A. Change over a period of time
B. cause - effect relationship
C. A wide variety of variables
D. a large sample
,C. A wide variety of variables
D. a large sample
A RCT MUST have which of the following?
A. Random assignment
B. clustering
C. factorial design
D. more than one intervention
A. Random assignment
Which of the following can be observational studies?
A. Cross Sectional Studies
B. Longitudinal studies
C. Prospective studies
D. Experimental studies
E. Case control studies
F. Retrospective studies
A. Cross Sectional Studies
B. Longitudinal studies
C. Prospective studies
E. Case control studies
F. Retrospective studies
A significant risk factor has a relative risk that is different from....
A. 0.5
B. O
C. 1
,D. 0.05
C. 1
What is the relationship between cohorts and meta - analyses in the hierarchy of
evidence
A. Meta-analysis provide higher evidence
B. cohort: provide higher evidence
C. they have equal levels in the hierarchy
A. Meta - analysis provide higher evidence
Which of the following have a negative impact on RCTs?
A. Stratified Sampling
B. Attrition
C. Addition
D. Clustering
E. Small Sample size
B. Attrition
E. Small Sample size
A case control study efficiently focuses effort by...
A. Examining a snap - shot in time
B. Starting with subjects who have rare condition
C. Assigning subjects to experimental groups
D. Following a small cohort over time
B. Starting with subjects who have rare condition
It is unethical to conduct an RCT when the intervention is known to be beneficial.
, A. True
B. False
A. True
Since sealants are 76% effective in preventing childhood caries, the number needed to
treat is
A. 0
B. 2
C. 4
D. 76
E. 100
B. 2
What types of data have a mean?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
C. interval
D. ratio
The STROBE checklist applies to.....
A. cross sectional studies
B. cohorts
C. randomized clinical trials
D. Randomized clinical trials
E. systematic reviews
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