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Exam (elaborations)

Nurs 351 exam 1 questions n correct answers

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  • Nurs 351

Nurs 351 exam 1 questions n correct answers

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Nurs 351
  • Nurs 351
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BravelRadon
Nurs 351 exam 1 questions n correct
answers
what's pathophysiology? and why do nurses care about it? - correct answer ✔✔- pathophysiology: study
of what happens when normal anatomy and physiology are altered; can cause disease or abnormal
states of being

- nurses care bc it's the "why" that unlocks the mysteries of the body and its response to therapies. it
helps nurses understand patient responses and gives rationale for evidence-based medicine and care.

- if we know what's happening, we can fix things



health - correct answer ✔✔the absence of disease, including the wellness of the mind, body and spirit.
normal states vary depending on age, sex, genetics, etc



disease - correct answer ✔✔a disorder of structure or function, especially one that produces specific
signs/symptoms or affects a specific location and isn't just a direct result of physical injury



types of disease - correct answer ✔✔autoimmune: body attacks itself

congenital: existing from birth

hereditary: genetically transferred from parent to child

degenerative: progressive decline/deterioration of function

inflammatory: characterized by inflammation



acute disease - correct answer ✔✔short duration and rapid onset; can still be serious tho



chronic disease - correct answer ✔✔prolonged duration, may be manageable



clinical manifestations - correct answer ✔✔signs and symptoms, clinical evidence of disease



etiology - correct answer ✔✔cause of disease

,iatrogenic - correct answer ✔✔unintended effect resulting from medical treatment; causing a separate
disease while trying to fix one



idiopathic - correct answer ✔✔unknown cause; it has one but we just don't know



pathogenesis - correct answer ✔✔origin and development of a disease



syndrome - correct answer ✔✔group of signs and symptoms that occur together



homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔- equilibrium, balance, stability

- self-regulating to respond to minor changes with compensatory mechanisms



feedback - correct answer ✔✔negative: response that offsets deviations from homeostasis

- ex: a thermostat or blood sugar regulation (most of the body does this)

positive: continues the chain of events set in motion by the disturbance instead of compensating for it;
same direction as original stressor

- ex: childbirth, blood clots, breastfeeding



stress - correct answer ✔✔- state produced by a change in the environment perceived as
threatening/damaging to a person or equilibrium

- it's good and bad for us; necessary for body adapting to changes/demands

- goal: adapt or cope

types and examples:

- physical: heat/cold

- physiologic: pain (more focused on this)

- psychosocial: fear



response to stress: psychological vs physiological - correct answer ✔✔- psychologically: we appraise the
situation/stressor and use cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage and cope

, - physiologically: the stress response activates a series of neurologic and hormonal processes within the
brain and the body



stress at the cellular level - correct answer ✔✔- prolonged stress will cause homeostasis to fail and lead
to cell alterations. damage depends on location and other body systems affected. prevent necrosis!



factors that influence progression of stress at cellular level (body can give you clues something is wrong)
- correct answer ✔✔- age

- comorbidities: diseased state causing collateral damage; ex: cancer treatment causing renal failure

- genetics



some causes of cellular injury - correct answer ✔✔most common

- chemical agents

- infectious agents

- hypoxia: lack of oxygen to tissues

other causes

- physical agents

- nutritional imbalances

- disordered immune responses

- genetic disorders



cellular injury - correct answer ✔✔- when a cell is unable to maintain homeostasis in the face of a
stimulus

- any stressor that alters ability of cell to maintain homeostasis leads to injury

- amount of injury depends on severity of injury and other factors like blood supply and nutritional status

- prevent cellular injury from exposure



cellular adaptation - correct answer ✔✔- allows the stressed tissue to survive or maintain function. the
most significant changes include change in size and number

- ex: atrophy (size), hypertrophy (size), hyperplasia (number), dysplasia (number)

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