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MNT II Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 1/43 MNT II Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions When is enteral nutrition used? - Ans:-WHEN THE GUT WORKS, USE IT! What are the advantages of enteral nutrition? - Ans:->> cost-effective...

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024

MNT II Final Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

When is enteral nutrition used? - Ans:✔✔-WHEN THE GUT WORKS, USE IT!

What are the advantages of enteral nutrition? - Ans:✔✔->> cost-effective

>> reduced infection-related complications

>> improved wound healing

>> reduced surgical interventions

>> maintenance of GI function

>> often times a shorter length of stay

What is enteral nutrition? - Ans:✔✔-Feeding through the GI tract via a tube, catheter, or stoma that

delivers nutrients beyond the oral cavity

How can the GI tract be accessed when utilizing enteral nutrition? - Ans:✔✔->> nasogastric

>> nasoduodenal tube (NDT)/nasojejunal tube (NJT)

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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024

>> percutaneous endoscopic (PEG)

>> other minimally invasive techniques (high resolution video cameras, fluoroscopy)

>> multilumen tubes-- combination of two tubes (one small one inside a larger one) that can be used to

decompress GI and release gas and distention

Why do you want to ensure that the tip of the catheter ends up where it needs to be? - Ans:✔✔-This is

especially important if you are using complete proteins and intact nutrients, you want to go into the

stomach and not the duodenum to avoid issues with the gut

Enteral Nutrition formula classifications and selections - Ans:✔✔-1. Standard

2. Chemically defined (elemental)

>> more specific in that you could have a formula where you add AAs or you add omega-3s to boost the

nutrient profile of the formulation

>> vs. polymeric where everything is in its intact form going into the stomach

3. Specialized

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>> are you going to the stomach? duodenum? jejunum? if you have renal disease, high protein formula

to get all of the essential AAs

Considerations for formula choice are based on substrate content (protein, fat, and carbohydrate),

nutrient density, osmolality, and viscosity

Enteral Nutrition, Parenteral Nutrition & Osmolality, Osmolarity

Which goes with which? - Ans:✔✔-Enteral Nutrition-- osmolality

Parenteral Nutrition-- osmolarity (volume based)

How do concentrated and partially hydrolyzed formulas impact osmolality? - Ans:✔✔-Formulas of these

sorts of >/= 1.5 cal/mL will have higher osmolality

What happens when you increase energy to volume ratio by adding modular components to a formula? -

Ans:✔✔-This will increase the osmolality of the formula

An isotonic product has osmolality = 300 mOsm/kg water

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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024

Enteral formula osmolality ranges from 300-700 mOsm/kg

What are the effects of formula osmolality on fluid shifts in the gut? - Ans:✔✔-If the number of solute

particles in the gut are equal to the solute particles in the vascular system, then there shouldn't be any

fluid shifts

If you bring in individual AAs rather than intact proteins, the more solute particles there will be and

osmolality in the gut will increase, ultimately leading to fluid shifts.

Thinking about lactose intolerance-- often times there are too many solutes in the gut and you will

experience an osmolality that exceeds what is in the blood, fluids will shift into the gut to try to dilute

the greater concentration (mOsm) and patients will experience diarrhea and dehydration

What is a saline solution? - Ans:✔✔-An isotonic solution that provides a way to rehydrate patients as it

wont disrupt the osmolality of the circulation

Polymeric Formulas (standard) - Ans:✔✔-Requires normal digestive and absorptive capacity, is lactose

free

Partially Hydrolyzed

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