Explain the applications of pharmacokinetics to clinical practice. - Answer--movement of drugs within the body
Identify the 4 components of pharmacokinetics - Answer--Absorption: a how drug moves from the site of administration to the bloodstream
-Distribution: how drugs are transported throu...
Nur 202 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions
and Answers
Explain the applications of pharmacokinetics to clinical practice. - Answer--movement of
drugs within the body
Identify the 4 components of pharmacokinetics - Answer--Absorption: a how drug
moves from the site of administration to the bloodstream
-Distribution: how drugs are transported throughout the body
-Metabolism: changes a drug's activity and makes it more likely to be excreted
-Excretion: eliminate drugs from the body
Describe what will enhance utilization of drugs that are administered orally - Answer--
Body conditions that increase metabolism.
-If the drug is active and not attached to a protein; the drug will act faster but not last as
long. (vise versa)
ASA ionization & Rate of Absorption. - Answer-ASA Ionization: meds can be acidic or
alkaline; acidic drugs ionize in basic media & basic drugs ionize in acidic media
Rate of Absorption: how soon you are going to see the effects of the drug
Loading & Maintenance doses. - Answer-Loading dose = taking high doses at low
frequencies
Maintenance dose = taking smaller doses at high frequencies
Discuss how a drug's therapeutic index is related to its margin of safety. - Answer-
Therapeutic Index = determined by drug's amount that causes a toxic effect & amount
that causes a therapeutic effect
-In between those 2 values, gives us a margin of safety while still having the drug have
a therapeutic effect.
Compare & contrast the terms potency & efficacy. - Answer-potency = if a drug is more
potent, it will have a bigger effect on the body, whereas if it has a lower potency, it will
have a smaller effect
efficacy = if the drug has a higher efficacy, it will produce a greater desired result, if it
has a low efficacy, it may not produce the maximal functional response
, Explain the applications of pharmacodynamics to clinical practice. - Answer--know what
the drugs MOA is so that you can anticipate the reactions, instead of reacting to it when
it does happen
Pharmacodynamics: effects of drugs and the MOA
Explain the role of CAM in promoting patient wellness. - Answer--focus on relaxation
and reducing stress
-positive emotions can improve health
Describe the pharmacologic actions & safety of herbal & dietary supplements. -
Answer--NATURAL DOESN'T ALWAYS MEAN BETTER OR SAFE
-Most herbal products are safe when taken in low to moderate doses
-Active ingredients in herbal products can interact with prescription and OTC
medications
Discuss the role of the nurse in teaching patients about complementary & alternative
therapies. - Answer--educate them about the strengths & weaknesses of CAM therapies
-interactions that CAM therapies can have w/ prescription meds they may be taking
Describe the physiological changes during pregnancy that may affect the
pharmacokinetics of drugs. - Answer--decrease in albumin
-drugs are bound to albumin, which means they are inactive; if they're free, they're
active
Recognize the responsibilities of the nurse in administering medications to patients
across the lifespan. - Answer--different ages have different reactions to meds
-older patients & younger patients can have more intense reactions due to their vital
organs being "underdeveloped" or "old"
Describe physiological & biochemical changes that occur in the older adult & how these
affect pharmacotherapies. - Answer--pharmacokinetics = delayed gastric emptying,
reduced blood flow to guts, reduced gastric acidity, reduced plasma concentration of
lipid soluble drugs & increased concentrations of water soluble drugs (reduced or
decreased body functions)
-pharmacodynamics = receptors can decide to die, so there's a decreased number of
them or the existing receptors can become resistant to the drugs (receptors die or
become resistant)
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