Florence Nightingale - Answer--Environmental Theory
-known as the founder of modern nursing and credited for developing the first nursing theory. -She focused on a patient's environment. She believed nurses should manipulate (e.g. ventilation, light, decreased noise, hygiene, nutrition) so nature ...
NUR 202 Exam 1 Theorists Questions
and Answers
Florence Nightingale - Answer--Environmental Theory
-known as the founder of modern nursing and credited for developing the first nursing
theory. -She focused on a patient's environment. She believed nurses should
manipulate (e.g. ventilation, light, decreased noise, hygiene, nutrition) so nature is able
to restore a patient to health.
Benner - Answer--novice to expert
Benner: Novice - Answer-beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in
which there is no previous level of experience
Benner: Advanced Beginner - Answer-A nurse who has had some level of experience
with the situation.
Benner: Competent - Answer-a nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to
3 years. This nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type
of patients (e.g. surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). He/she is a competent
practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals.
Benner: Proficient - Answer-a nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the
same clinical position. This nurse perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
multiple previous experiences to a situation.
Benner: Expert - Answer-a nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of
an existing or potential
clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple
dimensions
of the situation.
Hildegard Peplau - Answer--Theory of Interpersonal Relations
-She was considered to be the mother of
psychiatric nursing.
-She focused on middle-range theory including interpersonal relations among a
nurse, a patient, and a patient's family and developing the nurse-patient relationship.
The following phases characterize the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship: pre-
orientation (data gathering), orientation (defining issue), working phase (therapeutic
activity), and resolution (termination of relationship).
Pender - Answer--Health Promotion Model
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