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Inleiding tot het recht - samenvatting van boek en powerpoint
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Afdeling 1 Het recht bestaat niet.............................................................................................. 271. Wat is recht?.................................................................................................................. 27
2. Rechtsparadigma’s......................................................................................................... 27
3. Formeel en materieel rechtssysteem.............................................................................27
§ 1. Formeel rechtssysteem................................................................................................... 27
4. Concept.......................................................................................................................... 27
5. België............................................................................................................................. 27
§ 2. Materieel rechtssysteem................................................................................................. 28
6. Concept.......................................................................................................................... 28
7. Rechtspluralisme (meergelaagdheid) en rechtsmonisme..............................................28
Afdeling 2 Het klassieke recht.................................................................................................. 29
§ 1. Een piramidaal en coherent systeem.............................................................................29
8. Klassiek recht................................................................................................................. 29
9. Basisregels..................................................................................................................... 29
10. Taak van de rechter...................................................................................................... 29
11. Rechtspositivistische school......................................................................................... 29
§ 2. Materieel en formeel recht............................................................................................. 30
12. Onderscheid................................................................................................................. 30
13. Vervaging van het onderscheid....................................................................................30
§ 3. Publiekrecht en privaatrecht........................................................................................... 30
14. Onderscheid................................................................................................................. 30
15. Vervaging van het onderscheid....................................................................................30
Afdeling 3 De ontwikkeling van het huidige recht....................................................................31
§ 1. Sociale menswetenschappen.......................................................................................... 31
16. Opkomst modern recht................................................................................................ 31
17. Ontwikkeling sociale menswetenschappen..................................................................31
§ 2. Instrumentalistisch recht................................................................................................ 31
18. Recht als instrument.................................................................................................... 31
19. Recht gebaseerd op empirie........................................................................................ 31
§ 3. Verzekeringsmechanisme............................................................................................... 31
20. Ontwikkeling verzekeringsmechanisme.......................................................................31
21. Het klassieke aansprakelijkheidsrecht..........................................................................31
22. Vergelijking aansprakelijkheid en verzekeringsmechanisme........................................32
23. Uitbreiding van het verzekeringsmechanisme.............................................................32
§ 4. Welvaartsstaat................................................................................................................ 32
24. Experten en beleidsmakers.......................................................................................... 32
25. Ontwikkeling in de 20ste eeuw...................................................................................... 32
26. Belang van mensenrechten......................................................................................... 32
27. Bescherming tegen de Staat versus activering van de Staat.......................................33
, 28. Mensenrechten zijn niet langer absoluut.....................................................................33
§ 5. Nieuwe structuur en nieuwe rechtszakken.....................................................................33
29. Nieuwe juridische instrumenten................................................................................... 33
30. Nieuwe structuur.......................................................................................................... 33
31. Variabele gradaties van abnormaliteit.........................................................................33
32. Sociaal evenwicht........................................................................................................ 33
33. Elk individu gelinkt aan een specifiek collectief belang...............................................33
34. Nieuwe rechtstakken.................................................................................................... 33
§ 6. Regulering met impact................................................................................................... 33
35. Coherentie en consistentie........................................................................................... 33
36. Reguleringsimpactanalyse........................................................................................... 33
37. Economische analyse van het recht.............................................................................33
38. Rechtseconomie........................................................................................................... 33
§ 7. Proportionaliteitstoets..................................................................................................... 33
39. Publiekrechtelijk privaatrecht....................................................................................... 33
40. Proportionaliteit............................................................................................................ 34
41. Rechtsmisbruik............................................................................................................. 34
§ 8. Wikken en wegen............................................................................................................ 34
42. Rechterlijke toetsing.................................................................................................... 34
43. Beleid van de rechter................................................................................................... 34
44. Motiveringsplicht.......................................................................................................... 35
45. Zich houden aan de wet, een moeilijke opdracht.........................................................35
Afdeling 4 Het recht als wetenschap........................................................................................ 35
46. Recht een wetenschap?............................................................................................... 35
47. Gedaantes van rechtswetenschap............................................................................... 35
Afdeling 1 Wie zijn de regelproducenten?................................................................................ 36
48. Rechtsbronnen............................................................................................................. 36
49. Regelproducenten........................................................................................................ 36
50. Bindende en gezaghebbende rechtsbronnen...............................................................36
Afdeling 2 Wetgever................................................................................................................. 36
§ 1. Begrip............................................................................................................................. 36
51. Algemeen..................................................................................................................... 36
§ 2. Soorten wetten............................................................................................................... 37
52. Onderscheid supranationale en interne rechtsnormen................................................37
A. Internationale normen....................................................................................................... 37
53. Internationale normen.................................................................................................. 37
A. Klassiek verdragsrecht................................................................................................ 37
B. Europees Recht........................................................................................................... 37
C. Benelux-wetgeving..................................................................................................... 38
,B. Interne rechtsnormen........................................................................................................ 38
54. Interne rechtsnormen................................................................................................... 38
A. Wet, decreet en ordonnantie...................................................................................... 38
B. Verordeningen............................................................................................................. 40
C. Pseudowetgeving........................................................................................................ 40
D. Adviezen..................................................................................................................... 40
55. Indeling volgens inhoudelijke reikwijdte.......................................................................40
A. Individuele rechtsnorm............................................................................................... 40
B. Normatieve bepalingen............................................................................................... 40
C. Organieke akte........................................................................................................... 40
§ 3. Totstandkoming van wetgeving...................................................................................... 42
A. Totstandkoming verdragen................................................................................................ 42
56. Procedure totstandkoming verdragen..........................................................................42
A. Interne rechtsnormen................................................................................................. 42
B. Internationale normen................................................................................................ 42
B. Totstandkoming Europees recht........................................................................................ 42
57. Totstandkoming Europese verordeningen en richtlijnen...............................................42
58. Twee wetgevingsprocedures........................................................................................ 43
A. Gewone wetgevingsprocedure.................................................................................... 43
B. Bijzondere wetgevingsprocedures..............................................................................43
C. Totstandkoming federale wetten....................................................................................... 45
1. Bicameralisme............................................................................................................... 45
59. Wetgevende bevoegdheid............................................................................................ 45
60. Drie mogelijke procedures........................................................................................... 45
A. Monocamerale procedure........................................................................................... 45
B. Bicamerale procedure................................................................................................. 45
C. Optioneel bicamerale procedure.................................................................................45
2. Wetgevend initiatief....................................................................................................... 47
61. Initiatiefrecht................................................................................................................ 47
A. Wetsontwerp............................................................................................................... 47
B. Wetsvoorstel............................................................................................................... 47
3. Parlementaire behandeling............................................................................................ 48
62. Parlementaire behandeling.......................................................................................... 48
A. Behandeling in de commissie..................................................................................... 48
B. Behandeling in de plenaire vergadering.....................................................................48
4. Bekrachtiging en afkondiging......................................................................................... 49
63. Bekrachtiging............................................................................................................... 49
64. Afkondiging.................................................................................................................. 49
D. Totstandkoming niet-federale wetgeving..........................................................................49
, 65. Totstandkoming niet-federale wetgeving.....................................................................49
E. Totstandkoming interne verordeningen.............................................................................49
66. Federale verordeningen............................................................................................... 49
67. Besluiten van deelstaatregeringen..............................................................................49
68. Lokale verordeningen................................................................................................... 49
§ 4. Gelding van de wet......................................................................................................... 51
69. Publicatievereiste......................................................................................................... 51
70. Werking in de tijd......................................................................................................... 51
71. Presentatie van de wetgeving...................................................................................... 51
72. Toegankelijkheid van de wetgeving..............................................................................51
A. Consolidatie van teksten............................................................................................. 51
B. Coördinatie van teksten.............................................................................................. 51
C. Codificatie................................................................................................................... 51
§ 5. Hiërarchie, bevoegdheid en toetsing..............................................................................53
73. Probleem...................................................................................................................... 53
A. Hiërarchie.......................................................................................................................... 53
74. Definitie....................................................................................................................... 53
1. Internationaal recht en de grondwet................................................................................. 53
75. Internationaal recht...................................................................................................... 53
76. Monistische rechtsvisie................................................................................................ 53
77. Grondwet..................................................................................................................... 53
2. Wetskrachtige bepalingen (wet, decreet, ordonnantie).....................................................53
78. Interne wetskrachtige bepalingen................................................................................53
3. Verordeningen................................................................................................................... 54
79. Interne verordeningen.................................................................................................. 54
B. Bevoegdheid..................................................................................................................... 54
80. Bevoegdheid op wetgevend niveau............................................................................. 54
81. Bevoegdheidsconflict................................................................................................... 54
A. Voorkomen van bevoegdheidsconflicten.....................................................................54
B. Oplossen van bevoegdheidsconflicten........................................................................54
C. Wettigheid......................................................................................................................... 54
82. Wettigheidstoetsing..................................................................................................... 54
A. Verdragtoetsing.......................................................................................................... 55
B. Grondwetstoetsing...................................................................................................... 55
C. Toetsing verordeningen............................................................................................... 55
I. Controle door de gewone rechter.............................................................................55
II. Controle door de Raad van State............................................................................. 56
83. Administratieve overheid............................................................................................. 56
Afdeling 3 Rechtspraak............................................................................................................. 56
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