NYU Science Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Phonology - ANSWERSstudy of speech sounds
morphology - ANSWERSunits that make up words
syntax - ANSWERScombining words and phrases
semantics - ANSWERSstudy of meaning
Descriptive grammar - ANSWERSobserves how native speakers use their...
Descriptive grammar - ANSWERSobserves how native speakers use their language in formal and informal
contexts
prescriptive grammar - ANSWERSRules for "proper" language use
rules example for phonology - ANSWERS/ng/ only at the end of words, not beginning
rules example for morphology - ANSWERSrestrictions on morpheme combinations ei. unhappiness vs
happiunness
rules example for syntax - ANSWERSwords combine in specific ways to form sentances ei. I <3 NY vs <3
NY I
Language as cultural artifact - ANSWERSshowcases and demonstrates the culture // certain phrases
during certain years etc
Language as an instinct - ANSWERSbehavior that is genetically programmed
, language as an organ/biological endowment - ANSWERSits hard-wired into our specific species
universal grammar - ANSWERSa genetically programmed linguistic blueprint that is a part of our
biological genetic endowment
provide support for the idea of a language instinct - ANSWERSdistinct milestones that dictates how far
along fluency a native child should be at certain ages. the children also don't just copy and paste what
they hear, they make up their own utterances
Name one way in which spontaneous communications among animals in the wild differ from human
language. - ANSWERSanimals use communications within a pack. isolated animals would not recognize
the call
Name one way in which the output of apes taught to communicate with human grammars (or human-
like grammars) differs from human language - ANSWERShumans allow for unlimited utterances while
apes are limited
What is a critical period in development? - ANSWERScertain skills and functions must be acquired by/at
certain ages during a limited window of increased organization in the brain during early development
Genie - ANSWERSA girl who was locked up for 14 years and when she was found, she had missed the
critical period where she could have learned a language so she could not speak and was extremely
socially retarded.
genie supports which? - ANSWERSArgue against the critical period because she developed language after
the time period
isabella - ANSWERSimprisoned with deaf-mute mother until 6.5 years old; no language input. After being
rescued, responded well to speech-language therapy. Judged to be functioning within normal limits by 8
years old.
Isabella supports which? - ANSWERSMakes a case for the critical period
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