Summary
Summary NUR 160 Exam 2 Review
- Course
- Hondros NUR 160
- Institution
- Hondros College School Of Nursing
This is a comprehensive and detailed Exam 2 Review for NUR 160. *Essential!!
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NURSING 160 EXAM 2 REVIEWCOPD Assessment – What are the signs and symptoms?
Barrel Chest
Shortness of Breath
Lung Crackling
Clubbed Fingers
What is Lasix?
Loop diuretic that promotes Diuresis (Removes excess fluid)
Causes Blood Pressure and Potassium to Drop
What is Metoprolol?
Beta Blocker.
Treats –
High Blood Pressure
Chest Pain (Angina)
Heart Failure
It may lower the risk of death after a heart attack.
DO NOT CRUSH.
What is Erythromycin?
Antibiotic that treats and prevents infection caused by bacteria
What is Prednisone?
Corticosteroid that reduces inflammation.
Ventilation –
Action of inspiration and exhalation of air, O2 into and out of lungs (COPD)
Transport –
Physical movement of O2 from alveoli to cells for use and physical movement of CO2 from cells
to lungs for removal (CHF)
Perfusion –
Action of passing through barriers (PNEUMONIA)
Emphysema is COPD
Destruction and enlargement of the air spaces.
Symptoms
Shortness of Breath
Wheezing
Chronic Cough
Treatments
Self-Care
Bronchodilators
Albuterol Inhaler
Prednisone
Pneumonia is COPD
, Inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
Symptoms
Cough with Phlegm or Sputum (Rusty colored)
Fever
Chills
Difficulty Breathing
Treatment
Antibiotics depending on type (Bacterial vs Viral)
Vaccines
How long does a Nebulizer treatment last?
8 to 10 minutes
What should you do with a patient before and after administering Albuterol/Nebulizer breathing
treatment? And Why?
Auscultate the lungs (Listen) to ensure the treatment worked.
Oral care.
Normal Pulse Oxygen – 95% to 100% | 92% is okay for those with COPD.
Nasal Cannula – Flow at 24 to 44% FiO2 by the flow of 1-6L per minute.
Reservoir Nasal Cannula- Delivers oxygen at 24% to 60% FiO2 and the rate is adjusted as needed. 1-15
L/min
Venturi Mask – Delivers oxygen at 24% to 60% FiO2 and the rate is adjusted as needed. 4-12L/min
Hypervolemia/Overhydration
Causes – Liver Disease
Kidney Problems
CHF
SIDAH (anti-diuretic hormone)
COPD
CKD
Salt Intake
Signs and Symptoms
Nausea, vomiting
Headache Confusion
If left untreated, hyponatremia
Unconsciousness
Coma
Treatment
Focus on getting rid of excess fluid. Taking diuretic medication to increase urine output. Focus
on treating underlying cause.
Nursing Interventions
Taking Patient’s weight every day to determine the amount of excess fluid in the body
, Monitoring Intake and Output of Fluids
Positioning the body to facilitate the draining of fluids
Encouraging a low-sodium diet
Administering Diuretics
Hypovolemia/Dehydration
Causes – Fever
Heat exposure, too much exercise
Vomiting, Diarrhea
Increased urination
No access to safe drinking water
Significant injuries in the skin – Burns, Mouth Sores, Infections
Signs and Symptoms
Poor skin turgor
Dry mouth
Flat neck veins
Confusion
Drop in BP, Increased HR
Dizziness
Decreased and dark urine output
Treatment
Fluid resuscitation is the mainstay of therapy in patients with severe hypovolemia. Although no
clear definition exists, severe hypovolemia may be present when loss of blood or extracellular
fluids results in decreased peripheral perfusion.
Nursing Interventions
Monitor Vital Signs
Behavior
Output
Assess Patient
Notify Physician
Raise Legs
Push fluids
Give meds as prescribed
Patient may need to be tipped on head.
Nursing Interventions for Fluid Imbalance
Listen to lungs first
Check IV
Check Weight
Check I&O’s
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