AHN 447 Exam 1 (Renal) 2025(Questions and answers) LATEST UPDATE
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AHN 447
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AHN 447
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? - ️️- fever/chills
- CVA tenderness
- flank, back, or loin pain
- N/V
- burning, urgency, or frequency of urination
What are the 3 major function of the nephron? - ️️- filtration of water soluble
substances
- reabsorption ...
AHN 447 Exam 1 (Renal)
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? - ✔️✔️- fever/chills
- CVA tenderness
- flank, back, or loin pain
- N/V
- burning, urgency, or frequency of urination
What are the 3 major function of the nephron? - ✔️✔️- filtration of water soluble
substances
- reabsorption of filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
- secretion of waste products
prevents transport of bleed cells and proteins; more permeable than other capillaries in
the body - ✔️✔️glomerulus
What is one of the most important factors of GFR? - ✔️✔️blood volume
formed and release when there is decreased blood flow, volume, or pressure -
✔️✔️renin
What does renin stimulate the production of? - ✔️✔️angiotensin I and angiotensin II
causes vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone - ✔️✔️angiotensin II
increases the reabsorption of Na++ - ✔️✔️aldosterone
produced in the kidney and regulates GFR, renal vascular resistance, and renin
production - ✔️✔️prostaglandins
dilates renal vasculature to maintain renal blood flow - released after Angiotensin II -
✔️✔️bradykinin
triggers RBC formation in marrow - ✔️✔️erythropoietin
converted to active form in the kidney - ✔️✔️vitamin D
What is the normal value of creatinine? - ✔️✔️0.6-1.2 mg/dl
What is the best indication of renal failure and why? - ✔️✔️serum creatinine; no other
pathologic condition other than renal disease increases the serum Creatinine level
What is the normal value for BUN? - ✔️✔️10-20 mg/dl
, indirect measure of overall hydration - ✔️✔️BUN
Who is the highest risk group of renal cell carcinoma? - ✔️✔️african american men
What are the clinical manifestations of renal cell carcinoma? - ✔️✔️- Often
asymptomatic until late in disease course
- CVA tenderness
- hematuria (late sign)
- palpable abdominal mass
- Bone pain, SOB, chest pain from metastatic disease (late)
What are the functions of the renal system? - ✔️✔️- fluid & electrolyte balance/acid-
base balance
- rid the body of water soluble waste products
- maintain normal blood volume and osmolarity
- production of erythropoietin
- activation of vitamin D to facilitate absorption of calcium
What is the treatment for renal cell carcinoma? What is a major concern of this? -
✔️✔️surgical removal (nephrectomy); blood loss
How long does it take for the second kidney to compensate when the first is removed? -
✔️✔️may take days or weeks
Which RCC stage in the tumor within the capsule? - ✔️✔️stage I
Which RCC stage does the tumor invade in the perineal fat? - ✔️✔️stage II
Which RCC stage does metastasis to common areas occur? - ✔️✔️stage IV
How does hydrostatic pressure increase in relation of the obstruction? - ✔️✔️proximal
During obstruction, dilation follows with ____? - ✔️✔️reduction in GFR
What are the clinical manifestations of obstruction? - ✔️✔️hydroureter and
hydronephrosis
obstruction in or below the ureter - ✔️✔️hydroureter
enlarged kidney due to dilation - ✔️✔️hydronephrosis
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