Samenvatting De sociale ontwikkeling van het schoolkind
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Course
Gedrag in de Klas
Institution
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Book
De sociale ontwikkeling van het schoolkind
Samenvatting van de volgende hoofdstukken: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 en 13. Dit zijn alle hoofdstukken die getoetst zullen worden voor het vak Gedrag in de klas.
De sociale ontwikkeling van het
schoolkind
J. van der Ploeg
ISBN: 9789036822312
Van der Ploeg, J. (2018). De sociale ontwikkeling van het schoolkind. Houten: Bohn Stafleu
van Loghum.
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Het sociale ontwikkelingstraject................................................................................................6
1.1 Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Sociale vaardigheden.....................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Aspecten van sociale competentie.................................................................................................................7
1.4 Het ik en de ander..........................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Een verwant begrip........................................................................................................................................7
1.6 Ontwikkelingsverloop van sociale vaardigheden...........................................................................................7
1.7 Sociale ontwikkeling en probleemgedrag......................................................................................................8
1.8 Socialisatie......................................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 2: De invloed van het gezin.......................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Opvoeding....................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Ondersteunen.......................................................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Controleren...........................................................................................................................................10
2.2.3 Autoritatief opvoeden..........................................................................................................................10
2.3 Opvoeden en sociale ontwikkeling...............................................................................................................11
2.3.1 Positieve kenmerken............................................................................................................................11
2.3.2 Negatieve kenmerken...........................................................................................................................11
2.3.3 Directe beïnvloeding.............................................................................................................................12
2.4 De invloed van broers en zussen..................................................................................................................12
2.5 Gedrag van de ouders..................................................................................................................................12
2.6 Gezinsfunctioneren.......................................................................................................................................12
2.6.1 Cohesie.................................................................................................................................................12
2.6.2 Aanpassingsvermogen..........................................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 3: De school................................................................................................................................ 14
3.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................14
3.2 De leerkracht................................................................................................................................................14
3.3 De stijl van lesgeven.....................................................................................................................................14
3.3.1 Cognitieve ontwikkeling.......................................................................................................................14
3.3.2 Sociale ontwikkeling.............................................................................................................................14
, 3.4 Schooltype....................................................................................................................................................15
3.4.1 Autoritatieve scholen...........................................................................................................................15
3.4.2 Autoritaire scholen...............................................................................................................................15
3.4.3 Indifferente scholen..............................................................................................................................15
3.4.4 Permissieve scholen..............................................................................................................................15
3.4.5 Schooltypen en sociale ontwikkeling....................................................................................................15
3.5 De klasgenoten.............................................................................................................................................15
3.6 Het klasklimaat............................................................................................................................................15
3.6.1 De relationele dimensie........................................................................................................................16
3.6.2 De persoonlijke dimensie.....................................................................................................................16
3.6.3 De organisatorische dimensie..............................................................................................................16
3.7 De relatie school en gezin.............................................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 4: De vrije tijd............................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................17
4.2 Besteding van de vrije tijd............................................................................................................................17
4.3 Internet: bedreiging of uitdaging?...............................................................................................................17
4.4 Het spelen van (agressieve) computergames..............................................................................................17
4.4.1 Het spelen van agressieve videogames is schadelijk............................................................................18
4.4.2 Het spelen van agressieve videogames laat geen schadelijke effecten zien.......................................18
4.4.3 Het spelen van agressieve videogames laat onder bepaalde voorwaarden schadelijke effecten zien
.......................................................................................................................................................................18
4.5 De invloed van tv en andere visuele media..................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 6: De sociaal-economische status (SES)........................................................................................ 19
6.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................19
6.2 De SES (sociaal-economische situatie) nader onder de loep........................................................................19
6.2.1 Inkomen................................................................................................................................................19
6.2.2 Opleiding...............................................................................................................................................19
6.2.3 Werk......................................................................................................................................................19
6.2.4 Behuizing...............................................................................................................................................19
6.2.5 Materiële bezittingen...........................................................................................................................19
6.2.6 Woonbuurt...........................................................................................................................................19
6.3 Enkele cijfers.................................................................................................................................................19
6.4 De invloed van de SES...................................................................................................................................20
6.4.1 Niet alleen de SES telt...........................................................................................................................20
6.4.2 Invloed van persoonlijkheidsfactoren..................................................................................................20
6.4.3 De rol van de SES..................................................................................................................................20
6.5 Gevolgen.......................................................................................................................................................20
6.5.1 Materiële problemen............................................................................................................................20
6.5.2 Gedragsproblemen...............................................................................................................................20
, 7.3 Kenmerkenmodel.........................................................................................................................................23
7.3.1 Persoonlijkheidskenmerken.................................................................................................................23
7.3.2 Opvattingen..........................................................................................................................................23
7.3.3 Overige kenmerken..............................................................................................................................24
7.4 Behoeftemodel.............................................................................................................................................24
7.4.1 Behoefte aan contact............................................................................................................................24
7.4.2 Behoefte aan samen spelen.................................................................................................................24
7.4.3 Behoefte aan waardering.....................................................................................................................24
7.4.4 Behoefte aan zekerheid........................................................................................................................24
7.4.5 Behoefte aan affiliatie...........................................................................................................................24
Hoofdstuk 8: Vriendschappen...................................................................................................................... 26
8.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................26
8.2 Omschrijving van vriendschap.....................................................................................................................26
8.3 Het bepalen van vriendschappen.................................................................................................................26
8.3.1 Subjectieve benadering........................................................................................................................26
8.3.2 Observaties...........................................................................................................................................26
8.3.3 Sociometrische methode......................................................................................................................27
8.4 Wat doen vrienden samen?.........................................................................................................................27
8.4.1 Mogelijke gezamenlijke activiteiten.....................................................................................................27
8.4.2 Activiteiten van vrienden naar leeftijd.................................................................................................27
8.5 De positieve invloed van vriendschappen....................................................................................................27
8.6 Vriendschap en antisociaal gedrag..............................................................................................................27
8.7 Vriendschappen: gevolg of oorzaak?...........................................................................................................28
8.8 Vriendschap en hechting..............................................................................................................................28
8.8.1 Veilige hechtingsstijl.............................................................................................................................28
8.8.2 Ambivalente hechtingsstijl...................................................................................................................28
8.8.3 Vermijdende hechtingsstijl...................................................................................................................28
8.8.4 Angstige hechtingsstijl..........................................................................................................................28
8.9 De rol van de ouders.....................................................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 9: Het populaire kind................................................................................................................... 30
9.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................30
9.2 Populariteit en vriendschap.........................................................................................................................30
9.3 Populair tegenover afgewezen....................................................................................................................30
9.4 Populariteit en agressie................................................................................................................................30
9.5 Sociometrisch bepaalde posities..................................................................................................................31
9.6 Drie verschijningsvormen van populariteit..................................................................................................31
9.6.1 Sociometrische populariteit (ontwikkelingspsychologie).....................................................................31
9.6.2 Waargenomen populariteit (sociologie)...............................................................................................32
9.6.3 Sociale dominantie (ethologen)...........................................................................................................32
9.7 Drie vormen van populariteit naast elkaar..................................................................................................32
9.8 De ontwikkeling van populaire kinderen......................................................................................................33
, 11.3 Leiderschapskenmerken.............................................................................................................................35
11.3.1 Zelfbeeld.............................................................................................................................................35
11.3.2 Gehechtheid.......................................................................................................................................35
11.3.3 Probleemoplossend vermogen...........................................................................................................35
11.4 Achtergronden...........................................................................................................................................35
11.4.1 Leeftijd en consistentie.......................................................................................................................35
11.4.2 Sekse...................................................................................................................................................35
11.4.3 Gezin...................................................................................................................................................36
11.5 Bepaling van het leiderschap.....................................................................................................................36
11.6 Typen leiderschap.......................................................................................................................................36
11.7 Leiderschap en hoogbegaafdheid..............................................................................................................37
11.8 Niet de leider alleen...................................................................................................................................37
11.9 Tot slot........................................................................................................................................................37
11.9.1 De benadering vanuit de persoonlijkheidskenmerken......................................................................37
11.9.2 De situationele benadering................................................................................................................37
11.9.3 De interactionele visie........................................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 12: Afgewezen kinderen.............................................................................................................. 38
12.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................38
12.2 Wat houdt afwijzing in?.............................................................................................................................38
12.3 Het proces van afwijzing............................................................................................................................38
12.4 Gevolgen van een aanhoudende afwijzing................................................................................................38
12.5 Gedragskenmerken van afgewezen kinderen............................................................................................38
12.6 Omgaan met andere kinderen...................................................................................................................39
12.6.1 Informatieverwerking.........................................................................................................................39
12.6.2 Regulatie.............................................................................................................................................39
12.7 Afgewezen agressieve kinderen.................................................................................................................39
12.8 Afgewezen kinderen met teruggetrokken gedrag.....................................................................................39
12.9 Het ene afgewezen kind is het andere niet................................................................................................39
12.10 De rol van de ouders................................................................................................................................40
12.11 De rol van de leerkracht...........................................................................................................................40
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