NUR 163 - Exam 1
(Fluid/Electrolytes/Nutrition) Questions
and Answers
What vitamins are water soluble? - Answer-B + C
What vitamins are fat soluble? - Answer-A, D, E, K
Vitamin A - Answer-Eyes*
Normal vision, skin
Vitamin A Deficiency - Answer-Night blindness, dry skin, poor wound healing
Vitamin D - Answer-Calcium absorption*, bones
Vitamin D Deficiency - Answer-Osteoporosis, depression, immune system dysfunction
Vitamin E - Answer-Antioxidant, protects cell membranes (esp. RBCs)
Vitamin E Deficiency - Answer-Hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs from premature
destruction by spleen),
immune dysfunction, memory problems
Vitamin K - Answer-Blood clotting
Vitamin K Deficiency - Answer-Increased risk of fractures, hemorrhaging
Vitamin B - Answer-Energy, growth, development, cholesterol, RBCs
Vitamin B Deficiency - Answer-Neurological problems/changes (sensation, balance,
memory), immunological problems,
Vitamin C - Answer-Collagen, immunity, cholesterol
Vitamin C Deficiency - Answer-Weakness, dry mouth, skin changes, delayed tissue
healing, atherosclerosis, and decreased cognitive function
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance - Answer-Process of regulating the extracellular fluid
volume (ECV), body fluid osmolality, and plasma concentration of electrolytes
Osmolality - Answer-The concentration of solutes in body fluids
Electrolytes in Plasma - Answer-Cations: Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
, Anions: Chloride, Phosphate, Sulfate
Causes for Electrolyte/Fluid Imbalance (4) - Answer-Too much in, not enough out
Too much out, not enough in
Disease processes
Interference w/ normal body processes
Nutritional Sources of Water - Answer-Fluids, fruits, vegetables
How much water should the average patient drink a day? - Answer-2-3 L
How do you measure fluid intake? - Answer-I+O
Hypervolemia - Answer-Over hydration
Hypervolemia causes - Answer-[Caused by excess sodium/fluid intake, fluid/sodium
retention, interstitial to intravascular]
-Liver Diseases (Cirrhosis)
-Kidney Problems
-Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
-Syndrome of Inapprop. ADH Secretions (SIADH)
-Chronic Obst. Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
-Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
S/S of Hypervolemia - Answer-N/V
Edema
Headache
Confusion
Low LOC
Low BP
Tachycardia (+ irregular heart beats)
Coma
*THINK CHANGES IN LOC in general
Hypervolemia Tx - Answer-Diuretics (Lasix/Furosemide)
Dialysis
Tx underlying cause
Hypovolemia - Answer-Dehydration
What causes Hypovolemia? - Answer-Fever
N/V/D
Increased urination
Heat exposure and too much exercise (overexertion)
No access to safe drinking water
Significant injuries to skin (burns, mouth sores, infections)
