Adaptation - ANSWERSchange in DNA in species/population because of fitness advantage
ex: lengthening of a giraffe neck over time
acclimatization - ANSWERSchange in individual physiology, not heritable
ex: adjusting hemoglobin levels at high altitude
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWERScondi...
Exam 1 - Evolution, Natural Selection,
HW Eq, Diversity/Variability Questions &
Answers
Adaptation - ANSWERSchange in DNA in species/population because of fitness
advantage
ex: lengthening of a giraffe neck over time
acclimatization - ANSWERSchange in individual physiology, not heritable
ex: adjusting hemoglobin levels at high altitude
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWERScondition that occurs when the frequency of
alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time
(observed match expected values)
In a population of butterflies has the following gene frequencies: 40% AA, 10% Aa, and
50% aa. What is the frequency of the a allele?
a. 0.5
b. 0.6
c. 0.55
d. 0.4
e. 0.35 - ANSWERSc. 0.55
Flower color in sweet pea in part comes from the pigment anthocyanin. One step is
catalyzed by an enzyme called chalcone synthase. When chalcone synthase doesn't
work at all , the flowers are white. The normal enzyme is denoted + whereas the non-
functioning enzyme is denoted -. Heterozygotes are purple. In a particular large
population the following genotype frequencies are observed:
++: 0.60
+-: 0.20
--: 0.20
1. What is the frequency of the - allele in this population?
2. What is the expected heterozygote frequency that would suggest the population is in
HW equilibrium?
3. Is the population in HW equilibrium? - ANSWERS1. 0.30
2. 0.42
3. no, too few heterozygotes in the observed group
, You find that a wild population of antelope is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. From
this information alone, can you determine whether natural selection is occurring?
a. Yes
b. No - ANSWERSb. No
A population of naked mole rats has a recessive allele that in the homozygous state
leads to a distinct splotchy skin phenotype. The un-mutated allele is denoted A whereas
the splotchy allele is a. Naked mole rats are blind as well as naked and show no
preference or distaste for the splotchy allele. There are no other evolutionary pressures
and so it is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at this locus. The frequency of the a allele is
0.2. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous at this locus (Aa)?
a. 2.0
b. 2.0
c. 4.0
d. 16.0
e. 32.0 - ANSWERSe. 32.0
Which of the following forms of selection is most likely to produce a population of
African butterflies in which two distinct coloration types are present (as shown in the
graph below)? Assume that the ancestral population had continuous variation for the
trait.
[graph with 2 maxima]
a. artificial selection
b. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection - ANSWERSd. disruptive selection
Evolution always, sometimes, or never involves:
a. selection of the most fit phenotype and genotype
b. change in species over time such that descendants differ from ancestors
c. an increase in allelic diversity in response to environmental change - ANSWERSa.
sometimes
b. always
c. never
A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than
those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales, and
bats. The actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged
because
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