study guide ivy tech APHY 101 final
1. - ANS-
2. adipose connective tissue - ANS-acts as a storage depot for fat. located beneath skin,
behind eyes, around kidneys, heart and spaces between muscles
3. anaphase - ANS-the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate
and move toward opposite poles
4. areolar connective tissue - ANS-Function: wraps and cushions organs
5.
6. Location: widely distributed under epithelia of body
7. atom - ANS-Smallest particle of an element
8. baroreceptors - ANS-detect changes in blood pressure
9. blood - ANS-Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
10. bone - ANS-Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
11. cardiac muscle - ANS-Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
12. cartilage tissue - ANS-reduces friction between bones and supports and connects them
13. catabolism - ANS-large molecules broken down into smaller ones
14. cell - ANS-Basic unit of life
15. Chemoreceptors - ANS-respond to changes in chemical concentrations
16. collagen fibers - ANS-provides flexibility and strength
17. control center - ANS-decision maker that includes a set point which is usually a particular
value.
18. Cytokinesis - ANS-Division of the cytoplasm during cell division, begins during anaphase
and continues through telophase
19. define abduction - ANS-moving away from the midline (lifting upper limb horizontally to
form an angle with the side of the body)
20. define adduction - ANS-moving towards the midline (returing upper limb from horizontal
position)
21. define circumduction - ANS-moving a part so that its ends follows a circular path (arm
cirlces, moving finger in circular motion without moving the hand)
22. define depression - ANS-lowering a body part (drooping the shoulders)
23. define dorsiflexion - ANS-movement at the ankle that moves the anterior portion of the
foot closer from the shin (rocking back on your heels)
24. define elevation - ANS-raising a body part (shrugging the shoulders)
25. define eversion - ANS-turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally
26. define extension - ANS-Straightening a body part
27. define flexion - ANS-bending a joint
28. Define homeostasis - ANS-Maintaining a stable internal environment
29. define hyper extension - ANS-increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the
bones of a joint (a back bend)
30. define inversion - ANS-turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially
,31. define plantar flexion - ANS-movement at the ankle that moves the anterior portion of the
foot father from the shin (walking on your toes)
32. define pronation - ANS-rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing
posteriorly
33. define protraction - ANS-moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground (moving
the head forward)
34. define retraction - ANS-moving a part backward (pulling the head backward)
35. define rotation - ANS-moving a part around an axis (twisting head from side to side)
36. define supination - ANS-rotation of forearm so that the palm is upward or facing
anteriorly
37. dense irregular connective tissue - ANS-Function: able to withstand tension exerted in
many directions; provides structural strength
38.
39. Location: fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of
digestive tract
40. dense regular connective tissue - ANS-Function: attaches muscles to bones or to
muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is
applied in one direction
41.
42. Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
43. describe the olfactory sensation - ANS-- olfactory receptor cells
44. - chemoreceptors sensitsve to chemicals dissolved in liquids.
45. - olfactory organs cover upper parts of the nasal cavity and contain olfactory receptor
cells
46. - olfactory pathways, bulbs, and tracts
47. Describe the process of ossification - ANS-step one 1: cordlike and connects muscles to
bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
48.
49. step 2: Long bones develop from rods of cartilage, some from membranes and some
from tendons.
50.
51. step 3: Ossification occurs first in the cartilage rods, then in the epiphyses of long bones.
52.
53. step 4: When the epiphysial cartilage has ossified (hardened), bone growth stops.
54. describe the taste sensation - ANS-- 5 primary taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter
and unami
55. - the way we experience flavors may reflect the concentration of chemicals as well as the
sensation of smell, texture, and temp.
56. - some chemicals in foods may stimulate a burning or painful sensation (hot foods)
57. - sensitivity to sweets = tip of tongue
58. - sour = greatest at the margins of the tongue
59. - bitter = back of tongue
60. - salty = widely distributed.
61. - unmami: binding of certain amino acids (MSG flavor enhancer).
, 62. - taste receptors rapidly undergo sensory adaptation.
63. effectors - ANS-muscles or glands that take action and cause the appropriate response
64. elastic cartilage - ANS-cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline
cartilage, found on external ear
65. elastic connective tissue - ANS-Connective tissue made from elastic fibers that allows
stretching (found in the lungs, artery walls, vocal cords)
66. elastic fibers - ANS-Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue. composed
of elastin
67. example of long bone - ANS-femur
68. example of short bones are - ANS-carpals and tarsals in the ankle and wrist
69. examples of flat bones - ANS-ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull
70. examples of irregular bones - ANS-facial bones, vertebrae
71. Fibroblasts - ANS-In connective tissue, cells that secrete the proteins of the fibers.
72. fibrocartilage - ANS-Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers
73. functions of occipital lobe - ANS-visual processing
74. functions of parietal lobe - ANS-perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure,
temperature, pain
75. functions of temporal lobe - ANS-- sensory areas that are responsible for hearing
76. - interpret sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex
sensory patterns.
77. - sense of smell
78. Functions of the frontal lobe - ANS-voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal
communication, decision making, planning, personality
79. functions of the insula lobe - ANS-- sensory area for taste
80. - hard to study because of how deep it is within the cerebrum.
81. - fMRI scans suggest that the insula serves as a cross roads for translating sensory
information into the appropriate emotional response.
82. general characteristics of connective tissue - ANS-Bind structures, provide support, filling
spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, repair tissue damage
83. general characteristics of epithelial tissues - ANS-They lack blood vessels, the nutrients
diffuse to epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue. they readily divide (injuries
heal rapidly) and they are tightly packed. Covers organs and body surface. Lines cavities
and hollow organs & make up glands. Have a free surface on outside, basement
membrane on the inside.
84. growth - ANS-the process of increasing in physical size.
85. how are bones classified? - ANS-by shape
86. How are epithelial tissues classified? - ANS-shape and number of layers
87. How are sound vibrations transmitted to the inner ear? - ANS-Your ear converts sound
waves into nerve impulses that your brain interprets. ... The ear canal is a hollow tube
that carries the sound waves to the eardrum. The sound wave hits the eardrum, causing
it to vibrate. The eardrum transmits these vibrations into the inner ear where they are
amplified.
88. how do the hearing receptors work? - ANS-Hair cells in the cochlea bend slightly in
response to vibrations, sending an electric message to the auditory nerve. Each hair cell
