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NURS 3309 PATHO Final Exam Study Guide Solutions
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NURS 3309 PATHO Final Exam Study Guide Solutions Cardiac Cycle - Ans:-one contraction and on relaxation phase Systole - Ans:-Contraction phase - moves blood out of ventricles Diastole - Ans:-Relaxation phase - blood fills ventricles Fill in the blank: The heart is a _____-flowing pump. - An...

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  • October 24, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • nurs 3309 patho final exam study guide solutions

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




NURS 3309 PATHO Final Exam Study
Guide Solutions


Cardiac Cycle - Ans:✔✔-one contraction and on relaxation phase


Systole - Ans:✔✔-Contraction phase


- moves blood out of ventricles


Diastole - Ans:✔✔-Relaxation phase


- blood fills ventricles


Fill in the blank:


The heart is a _____-flowing pump. - Ans:✔✔-forward


Cardiac Cells (Myocardial Cells) - Ans:✔✔-Automaticity - certain cells (Pacemaker Cells) are able to

generate an impulse with NO outside stimulus




Rhythmicity- ability to regularly generate an action potential (60-100bpm)


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Conductivity- ability to rapidly transmits electrical impulses from one cell to another (intercalated disks)




- high number of mitochondria (ATP source)


- access ions form environment (Na+ and K+)


Cardiac Conduction Sequence - Ans:✔✔-Sa Node --> AV node --> bundle of His --> Rt and Lt bundle

branches --> purkinje fibers


How does the autonomic nervous system control heart rate? - Ans:✔✔-affects...


- rate of impulse (HR)


- depolarization and repolarization


- strength of contraction


How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart? - Ans:✔✔-- increased Ca+ influx


- increases rate/strength of contraction (norepinephrine)


- dilate coronary arteries




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How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate? - Ans:✔✔-decreases rate/strength of

contraction (acetylcholine)


Cardiac Output - Ans:✔✔-HR x SV


- amount of blood heart pumps out in a minute


Slower heart rate means... - Ans:✔✔-greater filling time


Faster heart rate means... - Ans:✔✔-slower filling time


Stroke Volume - Ans:✔✔-The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.


- preload


- contractility


- afterload


Preload - Ans:✔✔-volume (pressure) in ventricles just before systole


Contractility - Ans:✔✔-force of contraction (Frank Starling Law)


Frank-Starling law: effect on cardiac output - Ans:✔✔-volume of blood at the end of diastole is directly

related to the force of contraction at the next systole


- preload will effect SV and CO

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Afterload - Ans:✔✔-resistance from aorta and left ventricle must overcome to get blood to rest of the

body


- diameter of the vessel's lumen


Arteries - Ans:✔✔-- thick walls


- pulsatile tissue: elastic, fibrous connective tissue smooth


- take blood away from the heart


Veins - Ans:✔✔-- thin walls


- larger diameter


- contain valves


- tissue: more fibrous connective tissue


- take deoxygenated blood back to heart


Capillaries - Ans:✔✔-Smallest blood vessels


- layer of endothelial cells surrounded by basement membrane, some have fenestrations


- allow diffusion of substances from circulatory system into the tissues


Endothelium - Ans:✔✔-the lining of blood vessels

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