©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
UConn PNB 2274 Exam 2 – Tanner Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
Principles Electrostatic Attraction - Ans:✔✔-- charge attraction
- positively charged ions will be attracted to negatively charged ions
Principles Chemical (diffusional) Gradients - Ans:✔✔-- when a membrane is selectively permeable
positively charged ions will flow to the one side making the other side negative due to leak channels.
- making one side harder to diffuse with the outside of the cell because it is attracted to the more
charged side.
Relate diffusional and electrical gradients to behavior of ions - Ans:✔✔-- individually ions will be
attracted to one another if opposite charges
- A Nernst equilibrium forms when there is a balance of ions between the electrostatic attraction and
diffusional gradient of the ions
- no ion wants to flow either in or out of the cell.
Principles of Equilibrium - Ans:✔✔-membrane potential at which an ion's net flux is 0
Page 1/14
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Nernst Equation - Ans:✔✔--used for only one ion at a time
-Ex = equilibrium potential
-determines the electrical potential (voltage) at which diffusion flow of an ion one way is balanced by
electrostatic attraction in the other
What effect Equilibrium Potential ( Ex) ? - Ans:✔✔-- temperature
- Concentration of ion
Mammalian ion concentrations and Nernst Potentials - Ans:✔✔-Ek = -90, ECl = -70, ENa = +60, ECa =
+130
- these values can change based on condition
Goldman- Hodgkin- Katz Equation - Ans:✔✔--the membrane is permeable to more than 1 ion at rest
-Vm = membrane potential when net flux of all other ions together is 0
-membrane have one Vm value; it is the average Ex values for each ion
- ** permeability matters
Goldman Equation: Multiple ion Case - Ans:✔✔-Vm is somewhere between the largest Ex and smallest
Ex.
Page 2/14
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
UConn PNB 2274 Exam 2 – Tanner Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
Principles Electrostatic Attraction - Ans:✔✔-- charge attraction
- positively charged ions will be attracted to negatively charged ions
Principles Chemical (diffusional) Gradients - Ans:✔✔-- when a membrane is selectively permeable
positively charged ions will flow to the one side making the other side negative due to leak channels.
- making one side harder to diffuse with the outside of the cell because it is attracted to the more
charged side.
Relate diffusional and electrical gradients to behavior of ions - Ans:✔✔-- individually ions will be
attracted to one another if opposite charges
- A Nernst equilibrium forms when there is a balance of ions between the electrostatic attraction and
diffusional gradient of the ions
- no ion wants to flow either in or out of the cell.
Principles of Equilibrium - Ans:✔✔-membrane potential at which an ion's net flux is 0
Page 1/14
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Nernst Equation - Ans:✔✔--used for only one ion at a time
-Ex = equilibrium potential
-determines the electrical potential (voltage) at which diffusion flow of an ion one way is balanced by
electrostatic attraction in the other
What effect Equilibrium Potential ( Ex) ? - Ans:✔✔-- temperature
- Concentration of ion
Mammalian ion concentrations and Nernst Potentials - Ans:✔✔-Ek = -90, ECl = -70, ENa = +60, ECa =
+130
- these values can change based on condition
Goldman- Hodgkin- Katz Equation - Ans:✔✔--the membrane is permeable to more than 1 ion at rest
-Vm = membrane potential when net flux of all other ions together is 0
-membrane have one Vm value; it is the average Ex values for each ion
- ** permeability matters
Goldman Equation: Multiple ion Case - Ans:✔✔-Vm is somewhere between the largest Ex and smallest
Ex.
Page 2/14
